tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-29181264989896311972024-02-07T17:09:25.648-08:00Auto's InfoAuto car review and information, car engine, car emission, new technologi, modifikasi, auto repair, auto tip's.Lienshttp://www.blogger.com/profile/11833531779299138348noreply@blogger.comBlogger23125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2918126498989631197.post-35907847602616606262020-02-06T04:32:00.001-08:002020-02-06T04:32:54.633-08:0010 Tips Before Buying Used Car<b>Tips Before Buying Used Car</b>. Not all people can afford to buy a new car. One problem in getting a new car is price. Therefore, an alternative way to own a car is to buy a used car.<br />
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However, buying a used car is not an easy matter. Because, to choose a quality used car is not as easy as turning the palm of the hand.<br />
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According to Edmunds, there are at least 40 million used cars changing hands every year. Therefore, choosing a used car must be more thorough and full of challenges.<br />
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If not careful, then not getting a car that is right, comfortable and safe, quite the opposite, the used car that you have purchased has a lot of problems.<br />
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Therefore, Edmunds automotive site provides tips on buying a used car. Want to know what the following description:<br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEheLEWQi9J1ditxSMSsbVAGO0pE9_druYdpUG-YId6XMH2kLU0VPpjHWTsSpB-XXpiBLOzikU0jHJHOkDEZi40r8c58-FQPlTdf-bAYmqf-5pRxf9uzj3UWTPnmxT0Kx1Z9EJ7BChXN9zA/s1600/Tips+Before+Buying+used+car.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img alt="Tips Before Buying Used Car" border="0" data-original-height="480" data-original-width="1000" height="191" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEheLEWQi9J1ditxSMSsbVAGO0pE9_druYdpUG-YId6XMH2kLU0VPpjHWTsSpB-XXpiBLOzikU0jHJHOkDEZi40r8c58-FQPlTdf-bAYmqf-5pRxf9uzj3UWTPnmxT0Kx1Z9EJ7BChXN9zA/s400/Tips+Before+Buying+used+car.jpg" title="Tips Before Buying Used Car" width="400" /></a></div>
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1. What is the price of a car that you can afford</h3>
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If you think you want to buy a used car, especially if you pay by credit, then it's good to spend no more than 20 percent of your salary.<br />
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Because, buying a used car will definitely re-incur extra costs, such as additional maintenance, or indeed there needs to be a replacement of components. Not to mention, have to buy fuel or additional insurance.<br />
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2. Make a list of used car targets being hunted</h3>
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In some countries, sedan cars such as the <a href="https://auto4stroke.blogspot.com/2012/10/vw-touareg-tdi-audi-q7-30l-tdi-engine.html" target="_blank">VW Touareg</a> or <a href="https://auto4stroke.blogspot.com/2012/09/inside-bmw-550i.html" target="_blank">BMW</a> are used cars that are sought after. It's just that the two cars from Japan are resale conditions are still relatively high.</div>
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Therefore, it is recommended to choose three cars that already represent your needs, including a budget review.</div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgvzKWMl3U06YdiTyphyphenhyphenFShjlLmrsOyv-pYizU1j8v6OJEDZ5mkpaLInGc2uLNrvlJJ3zWwQqSvVcPxjqXA_uLxJc-B3YPQdVp9GUpn1xknqA22Ryd551oyPvr2uQUxbANi5hatZ7ooHOU/s1600/BMW+used+car.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img alt="bmw used car" border="0" data-original-height="648" data-original-width="1152" height="225" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgvzKWMl3U06YdiTyphyphenhyphenFShjlLmrsOyv-pYizU1j8v6OJEDZ5mkpaLInGc2uLNrvlJJ3zWwQqSvVcPxjqXA_uLxJc-B3YPQdVp9GUpn1xknqA22Ryd551oyPvr2uQUxbANi5hatZ7ooHOU/s400/BMW+used+car.jpg" title="BMW used car" width="400" /></a></div>
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3. Price survey</h3>
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Buying a used car needs patience. Therefore, try diligently checking the price of the desired car from several used car dealers, both owned by brand holders, private and even online trading sites.</div>
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It is quite possible the prices of these used cars may vary depending on the condition of the car itself.</div>
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4. Look for used cars that are near your location</h3>
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Because the used car, of course, the car sought is already used by the owner to various places. To find a car, you also need to filter the target car from the traveled distance, price, features and distance whether the car is close to a garage or a dealer.</div>
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However, because of the ease of technology, searching for used cars can of course also be done through online buying and selling sites to save more time.</div>
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5. Check the vehicle history</h3>
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If you buy a used car, it is better to buy from a close friend or family member. Of course the vehicle history will be known without being covered up.</div>
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You could just do a vehicle history check from the <a href="https://www.amica.com/en/products/auto-insurance.html" target="_blank">car insurance</a> or the police. Therefore, the car can also be checked from the vehicle identification number or police number.</div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiYJJdEoZdKgSc4lrwG1_XEJeX5Vs8gsXuISEeX7XYd0yj_0VC3qk6Old1cUMEY3aw7-a3hkuSXfXPN7tQD20aYAW4hFNpdWv19_9Nk2pTQ4XEwBVGZDq18X3MJYOdH_SMTvlJzVC1f47w/s1600/used+car+insurance.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img alt="used car insurance" border="0" data-original-height="590" data-original-width="1024" height="230" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiYJJdEoZdKgSc4lrwG1_XEJeX5Vs8gsXuISEeX7XYd0yj_0VC3qk6Old1cUMEY3aw7-a3hkuSXfXPN7tQD20aYAW4hFNpdWv19_9Nk2pTQ4XEwBVGZDq18X3MJYOdH_SMTvlJzVC1f47w/s400/used+car+insurance.jpg" title="used car insurance" width="400" /></a></div>
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6. Contact the seller</h3>
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If you feel fit with the car being sought after, it's a good idea to establish a relationship with the seller to verify the car information sought.</div>
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The reason, there are also cars that are sold by way of entrusted at the dealer. Therefore, try to check and re-examine why the car is sold, why the car is sold by entrusted.</div>
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Not a few are also directly negotiating with the seller. But it's good to see the car you are looking for, and then do the bidding.</div>
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7. Test drive</h3>
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If you already know the car you want, try asking to do a test drive. This is the most appropriate way to assess whether the car is still feasible and the condition is indeed the best.</div>
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You must feel carefully when driving, starting from getting into the wheelhouse, sitting in the passenger seat, driving position, seat conditions, how visibility when behind the wheel, whether there are bad smells, whether there are whistling sounds, engine checks, conditions AC and others.</div>
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Also check whether the car is identified at the official repair shop for maintenance.</div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjhvVmmU4XPUEX6c4eDumofUoOhRpRFlMIltAvlUT2aYWZJk_zk-777fvoqGdlts_te1nEXEm2i4FXzNbET7Kykaao07vnmpppogAcS2fpHw7REUgxHdnl2cNop1fN0PMdo5GT-6uUS5o4/s1600/used+car.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img alt="buy used car" border="0" data-original-height="284" data-original-width="422" height="268" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjhvVmmU4XPUEX6c4eDumofUoOhRpRFlMIltAvlUT2aYWZJk_zk-777fvoqGdlts_te1nEXEm2i4FXzNbET7Kykaao07vnmpppogAcS2fpHw7REUgxHdnl2cNop1fN0PMdo5GT-6uUS5o4/s400/used+car.jpg" title="buy used car" width="400" /></a></div>
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8. Bring a mechanic</h3>
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Illustration of checking a car after going home</div>
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Eid holiday is over. For those of you who are going home with a personal vehicle, such as a car, it's time to check various existing components.</div>
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When checking, it's good to bring a colleague or mechanical engineer. This is often done so that when buying a car, you do not feel cheated because of lack of knowledge of the engine or the car itself.</div>
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9. Make an offer</h3>
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If you really feel that the car you are looking for is right, it's worth making an offer according to the desired price or agreement.</div>
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This indeed needs to be done so that you do not regret it in the future because you feel you are spending quite a lot of funds.</div>
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Of course when making an offer, give the lowest price until an agreement is reached. But make sure in advance, both parties are having a calm condition.</div>
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10. Check back a number of files</h3>
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When it has been officially purchased, there will be a number of things worth checking before signing. Also check a number of documents ranging from price lists, certificates, taxes, vehicle registration, and others.</div>
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If buying at a used car dealer it is quite possible there are several items offered ranging from warranties, anti-theft devices, protection and others.</div>
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Lienshttp://www.blogger.com/profile/11833531779299138348noreply@blogger.com10tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2918126498989631197.post-90635891859339159742012-10-24T07:58:00.001-07:002012-12-31T22:23:01.410-08:00VW Touareg TDI, Audi Q7 3.0L TDI engine <div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiFq6kYAfcApaD3rITby2bkCqZNv-7r__bgAQjUFAEDebd2GetwhLTkEwb1Sa-MrAxsGzogGETtYcKICdyWlIUPLbMN00fZ1IfgSSc51EAPpdbsJ0FyVjx8MuC5feDLIIJZm7wPn5pOz5I/s1600/cata-tdi-engine.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiFq6kYAfcApaD3rITby2bkCqZNv-7r__bgAQjUFAEDebd2GetwhLTkEwb1Sa-MrAxsGzogGETtYcKICdyWlIUPLbMN00fZ1IfgSSc51EAPpdbsJ0FyVjx8MuC5feDLIIJZm7wPn5pOz5I/s320/cata-tdi-engine.jpg" width="315" /></a></div>
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<b><a href="http://auto4stroke.blogspot.com/2012/10/vw-touareg-tdi-audi-q7-30l-tdi-engine.html">The VW Touareg TDI and Audi Q7 TDI</a> use the same 3.0L <a href="http://auto4stroke.blogspot.com/2012/10/what-is-clean-diesel-vehicles.html" target="_blank">TDI engine</a>, model name "CATA". It's a V6, common rail injection single turbo diesel engine. Here are some FAQ and technical details on the V6 TDI engine.</b></div>
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If there is a 2011 or 2012 Audi A4 TDI confirmed for the US or Canada, this <a href="http://dieselsolution.blogspot.com/" target="_blank">diesel engine</a> is the obvious choice since it's already set up for the body and Audi quattro (VW 4motion). No other engine offers this combination of power and excellent fuel economy for mid size-large vehicles. In the VW Touareg or Audi Q7 TDI SUV it gives more torque than the Touareg's gas V8 (at a much lower engine RPM) with the economy of a V6 midsize sedan.</div>
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Since it's a modern common rail diesel, it's quiet running, easy to start, and smoke free. The emissions treatment system makes it emissions legal in all 50 states. The Touareg or Audi Q7 qualified for a $1150 federal income tax credit which is now expired. Power in the Touareg and Q7 are rated at 225 hp and 406 lb-ft of torque at only 1,750 rpm. EPA rating in the Touareg is 17 city/25 highway, significantly more than the V6 or V8 gas engine Touareg.</div>
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Some of the technology on the CATA 3.0L TDI engine is common rail fuel injection which uses extremely rapid piezoelectric (like the vibrating sonicare toothbrush head) injections of fuel at about 29,000 psi! To compare, the average gasoline engine injects fuel at about 60 psi. The turbo is a VNT variable nozzle turbo. The big difference is that it appears the VNT actuator on the CATA engine is driven by an electric motor instead of a spring/vacuum. The new common rail TDI also use 4 valves/cylinder.</div>
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Some differences with the smaller TDI engines are an emphasis on performance. The 3.0L V6 engine has 50% more displacement than the 2.0L engines in the smaller VW and Audi TDI. For larger or heavier cars, it could be the perfect engine because it combines performance and fuel economy. The CATA engine weighs about 490 lbs and compression is 17:1. The V angle is <span style="-webkit-text-size-adjust: auto; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; color: black; display: inline !important; float: none; font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px;">90</span><sup style="-webkit-text-size-adjust: auto; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; color: black; font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px;">o</sup><span style="-webkit-text-size-adjust: auto; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; color: black; display: inline !important; float: none; font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px;"><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span></span> and the crank pins are 3<span style="-webkit-text-size-adjust: auto; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; color: black; display: inline !important; float: none; font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px;">0</span><sup style="-webkit-text-size-adjust: auto; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; color: black; font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px;">o</sup><span style="-webkit-text-size-adjust: auto; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; color: black; display: inline !important; float: none; font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px;"><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span></span> offset for even firing. It also uses <a href="http://auto4stroke.blogspot.com/2009/04/tsi-twincharger-vws-engine.html" target="_blank">twin intercooling</a> to cool the larger air requirements vs. the single intercooler on smaller engines. The smaller engines do get much better fuel economy but they're also mounted in much smaller and lighter cars. Each cylinder head has its own common rail.</div>
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The 8 speed transmission equipped with this engine for 2011 and later models is designed to handle up to 627 lb-ft of torque so it should be responsive to power upgrades like a chip or tune.</div>
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Source : <a href="http://myturbodiesel.com/" target="_blank">myturbodiesel</a></div>
Lienshttp://www.blogger.com/profile/11833531779299138348noreply@blogger.com2tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2918126498989631197.post-43889297393793084012012-10-24T01:43:00.000-07:002012-12-27T16:09:51.840-08:00What is Clean Diesel Vehicles ?<div style="text-align: justify;">
<a href="http://auto4stroke.blogspot.com/2012/10/get-facts-why-should-choose-diesel-cars.html" target="_blank">Diesels vehicles</a> are cleaner because of the combination of cleaner fuel and newer technology. The emissions treatments were not usable in North America due to lower quality diesel fuel until the switch to ultra low sulfur diesel (ULSD). While the law requires this by Dec 2010, all refineries switched over a while time ago. This is why some retail fuel stations still don't have the USLD sticker on the pump. The current emissions systems would fail if the were used with the older low sulfur diesel fuel. They still sell low sulfur fuel in Mexico so be careful if you travel south of the border (or south-south of the border if you're from Canada).<br />
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Emissions are treated in an oxidation catalyst (catalytic converter), then a particulate filter (DPF), then a DeNOx catalyst with <a href="http://auto4stroke.blogspot.com/2012/10/what-is-clean-diesel-vehicles.html">Adblue</a> fluid. The Adblue fluid lasts up to 10,000 miles in the VW Touareg <a href="http://auto4stroke.blogspot.com/2012/10/get-facts-why-should-choose-diesel-cars.html" target="_blank">TDI</a> and up to 10-15,000 miles in the Audi Q7 TDI. The Touareg has a 4.5 gallon (16.9L) tank and the Audi Q7 has a 6 gallon (23 liter) Adblue tank. The Touareg adblue reservoir is under the spare tire. In the Audi Q7, the filler cap is located next to the fuel filler cap and can't be removed by hand to help avoid misfueling and the 2 tanks are somewhere under the car. You can use the lug bolt wrench to loosen the cap.<br />
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Here is a video showing how the adblue system works.
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1500 miles before the Adblue runs dry, the car will give a warning. If you continue to ignore the warnings and run it dry, the car will not start! This is because without the urea injection, the car will not meet emissions. While the engine won't shut down by itself, it won't restart after you shut it off. </div>
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Below left is a pdf from Audi describing some aspects of the Adblue system on their Q7 TDI. </div>
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<span style="font-size: x-small;"><a href="http://www.docstoc.com/docs/134048574/Audi-addblue-TDI-(clean-diesel-engine)">Audi addblue TDI (clean diesel engine)</a></span><br />
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Lienshttp://www.blogger.com/profile/11833531779299138348noreply@blogger.com2tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2918126498989631197.post-17178856878890767222012-10-22T20:09:00.000-07:002012-12-27T16:14:59.097-08:00Get The Facts Why should choose Diesel Cars<div 0px="0px" 14px="14px" 15px="15px" 19.2px="19.2px" 2="2" arial="arial" elvetica="elvetica" font-family:="font-family:" font-size:="font-size:" font-style:="font-style:" font-variant:="font-variant:" font-weight:="font-weight:" justify="justify" letter-spacing:="letter-spacing:" line-height:="line-height:" margin:="margin:" none="none" normal="normal" orphans:="orphans:" outline:="outline:" padding:="padding:" sans-serif="sans-serif" style="text-align: justify;" text-align:="text-align:" text-indent:="text-indent:" text-transform:="text-transform:" white-space:="white-space:" widows:="widows:" word-spacing:="word-spacing:">
<b style="background-color: transparent; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px;">Price, looks and size… these are the few factors that used to decide what vehicle you’d park in your driveway. Looking for a cheap and small car? A<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>Toyota<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>Corolla or<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>HondaCivic will do. Need something bigger, perhaps a mid-size<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>Hyundai<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>Sonata or an SUV. Things used to be pretty easy.</b><br />
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<b style="background-color: transparent; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px;"> </b>With increasingly high gas prices and an overall movement towards green, fuel efficient vehicles, fuel economy has become more important. In fact, for many price, looks and size are now completely trumped by fuel economy.</div>
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“Buyers just look at the MPG on the sticker,” says IHS Automotive Analyst Devin Lindsay commenting that car buyers are now completely mesmerized by the EPA sticker label.</div>
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Take a look at the Toyota Prius, for example. It’s not terribly big, is fairly expensive, and looks… well… weird. But that didn’t stop three million of them from being sold, all thanks to a hybrid gas-electric engine that provides excellent fuel economy.</div>
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The Prius isn’t the only option for someone looking for a fuel efficient car, however; especially those in search of a more engaging driving experience. If you want to cut down on trips to the pump, and still drive a fun, powerful, good looking car, your best bet might just be in a<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>diesel powered vehicle. That does mean you’ll almost certainly have to drive German, although<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>a flood of new diesel-powered vehicles are about to hit our shore.</div>
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Despite the popular misconception, diesel fuel is readily available at numerous gas stations with most of the major chains dedicating at least one pump to diesels. “Finding diesel is not really a big problem anymore,” says Lindsay. “If one station doesn’t have it, the one across the street certainly will.” And there’s a good reason for the popularity of diesel pumps too.<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><a href="http://auto4stroke.blogspot.com/2012/09/diesel-truck-could-save-you-money-in.html">Ford,<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>Chevy<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>and<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>Ram</a> easily sell in the tens of thousands of the diesel versions of their popular pickups each year. </div>
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Historically, <a href="http://auto4stroke.blogspot.com/2012/10/get-facts-why-should-choose-diesel-cars.html">diesel cars</a> were known for being smelly, hard to start in cold weather and not environmentally friendly. For those most part those issues have been solved, with improvements made to quiet the engines (though they are still noticeably louder than gasoline engines), while special emissions filters and exhaust after treatment systems have been devised to reduce pollution – though at an expense that’s handed down to the consumer.</div>
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Volkswagen<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>has been offering diesel options for years, and in key areas, their <a href="http://auto4stroke.blogspot.com/2012/10/get-facts-why-should-choose-diesel-cars.html">diesel vehicles</a> are better than the gasoline powered ones.</div>
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Take for instance the Golf. The TDI diesel option offers 6 more miles per gallon in the city over the gasoline model (30 mpg vs. 24 mpg) and 11 more miles per gallon on the highway (42 mpg vs. 31 mpg) all while still looking great and keeping its trunk space (something many hybrids can’t say.)</div>
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In defence of hybrids, average fuel economy on a Civic Hybrid is 44 mpg while the Prius is 50 mpg. The Golf TDI may have a solid 42 mpg highway rating, but average fuel economy is a less impressive 34 mpg.</div>
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Volkswagen sees diesel as an important part of becoming a more environmentally friendly car company. Mark Gillies, Product and Technology PR manager at Volkswagen America tells us “Diesel is part of our future powertrain strategy and you will likely see more models with a diesel option in the future.”</div>
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He explains that diesel can appeal to many drivers “The more practically minded will love the excellent highway mileage and range, which are perfect for the way that so many Americans drive.”</div>
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Gillies also explained his personal preference of diesel powered cars “As a car enthusiast, I love the torque of a diesel, which is perfect for mid-range passing performance, merging onto on-ramps, and for towing.”</div>
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Gillies’ torque-love is well-founded. The TDI Golf makes a noticeable amount of additional torque: where the normal gas Golf makes just 177 lbs-ft of torque at 4250 rpm, the TDI model makes 236 lbs-ft or torque at 1750-2500 rpm.<br />
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All that extra diesel-y goodness comes at a price though. Literally. Diesel fuel costs slightly more at the gas station and most diesel cars are more expensive than their gasoline stable mates. In the case of the Golf, a gasoline model starts at $17,995 while the diesel version costs $24,235, a difference of $6,240. To help off-set this cost, VW tends to better equip its TDI models. If you’re on more of a budget, Volkswagen also offers a Jetta TDI for about $2,000 less.</div>
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As mentioned, diesel models often require expensive emissions systems, which can also result in added maintenance, and cost. Two of VW’s models use what the company calls AdBlue, a chemical solution (often generally referred to as DEF or Diesel Exhaust Fluid) used to help the vehicles’ emissions stay environmentally friendly. The AdBlue liquid must be refilled at regular service intervals (every 10,000-15,000 miles) and are covered under VW’s three-year/36,000-mile Carefree Maintenance Program.</div>
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But it is something to keep in mind, as prices of refilling a car’s DEF vary between manufacturers. Consumer Reports has mentioned paying $241.50 to refill 7.5 gallons of DEF for a diesel<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>Mercedes-BenzGL Class. That’s $32.20 per gallon! Volkswagen apparently sells the same solution for much cheaper, with reports of customers paying just $5.40 per gallon.</div>
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Other automakers take a different approach to their diesel powertrains. Take a look at Mercedes-Benz’s E350 models, which are also available with either a gas or <a href="http://dieselsolution.blogspot.com/" target="_blank">diesel engine</a>. The diesel version gets only meager gains over the gasoline engine, earning one more mile per gallon in the city, and two more on the highway. That’s far less impressive than the difference on VW models.</div>
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However, in comparison to the Volkswagen vehicles, the diesel E-Class isn’t much more expensive than the gas version. In fact, it’s just $1,200 more, a much more favorable price difference. While the fuel economy doesn’t significantly favor the diesel E-Class, the torque numbers are eye-opening: 400 lb-ft of torque in the diesel compared to 273 lb-ft in the gas model.</div>
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As a result, Mercedes markets its diesel models as more of a V8 than a V6 alternative. In Mercedes’ SUVs this means that buyers can enjoy the high torque of a V8, but with the fuel economy and environmentally friendliness of a V6. Mercedes’ offers <a href="http://dieselsolution.blogspot.com/" target="_blank">diesel engines</a> for its ML, GL and R-Class<a href="http://auto4stroke.blogspot.com/2012/09/diesel-truck-could-save-you-money-in.html"> trucks</a>.</div>
<div 0px="0px" 14px="14px" 15px="15px" 19.2px="19.2px" 2="2" arial="arial" elvetica="elvetica" font-family:="font-family:" font-size:="font-size:" font-style:="font-style:" font-variant:="font-variant:" font-weight:="font-weight:" justify="justify" letter-spacing:="letter-spacing:" line-height:="line-height:" margin:="margin:" none="none" normal="normal" orphans:="orphans:" outline:="outline:" padding:="padding:" sans-serif="sans-serif" style="text-align: justify;" text-align:="text-align:" text-indent:="text-indent:" text-transform:="text-transform:" white-space:="white-space:" widows:="widows:" word-spacing:="word-spacing:">
The selection of diesel offerings is expanding, and not just by German automakers either, with both domestic and Japanese manufacturers preparing to launch <a href="http://auto4stroke.blogspot.com/2012/10/get-facts-why-should-choose-diesel-cars.html">diesel vehicles</a> in the next few years. Among the planned arrivals is the Chevy Cruze diesel,<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>Cadillac<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>ATS diesel and the return of the<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>Jeep<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>Grand Cherokee diesel.<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>Mazda has also announced it will offer its new Skyactiv-D engine in the near future, though isn’t saying what car (or cars) it will power.</div>
<div 0px="0px" 14px="14px" 15px="15px" 19.2px="19.2px" 2="2" arial="arial" elvetica="elvetica" font-family:="font-family:" font-size:="font-size:" font-style:="font-style:" font-variant:="font-variant:" font-weight:="font-weight:" justify="justify" letter-spacing:="letter-spacing:" line-height:="line-height:" margin:="margin:" none="none" normal="normal" orphans:="orphans:" outline:="outline:" padding:="padding:" sans-serif="sans-serif" style="text-align: justify;" text-align:="text-align:" text-indent:="text-indent:" text-transform:="text-transform:" white-space:="white-space:" widows:="widows:" word-spacing:="word-spacing:">
<br />
For those who want a fun and powerful car, but one that also visits the pump less often, a diesel can be a viable option. Like hybrids, they carry a price premium over their gasoline powered brothers. Unlike hybrids, particularly ultra high efficiency ones like the Prius, they’re peppy around town.</div>
<div 0px="0px" 14px="14px" 15px="15px" 19.2px="19.2px" 2="2" arial="arial" elvetica="elvetica" font-family:="font-family:" font-size:="font-size:" font-style:="font-style:" font-variant:="font-variant:" font-weight:="font-weight:" justify="justify" letter-spacing:="letter-spacing:" line-height:="line-height:" margin:="margin:" none="none" normal="normal" orphans:="orphans:" outline:="outline:" padding:="padding:" sans-serif="sans-serif" style="text-align: justify;" text-align:="text-align:" text-indent:="text-indent:" text-transform:="text-transform:" white-space:="white-space:" widows:="widows:" word-spacing:="word-spacing:">
The price of gas is quickly reaching the price of diesel gas, helping make diesel an attractive alternative for prospective car buyers. Another factor that might make diesel a more attractive option is the fact that they tend to fetch a better resale value than their gas powered counterparts.</div>
<div 0px="0px" 14px="14px" 15px="15px" 19.2px="19.2px" 2="2" arial="arial" elvetica="elvetica" font-family:="font-family:" font-size:="font-size:" font-style:="font-style:" font-variant:="font-variant:" font-weight:="font-weight:" justify="justify" letter-spacing:="letter-spacing:" line-height:="line-height:" margin:="margin:" none="none" normal="normal" orphans:="orphans:" outline:="outline:" padding:="padding:" sans-serif="sans-serif" style="text-align: justify;" text-align:="text-align:" text-indent:="text-indent:" text-transform:="text-transform:" white-space:="white-space:" widows:="widows:" word-spacing:="word-spacing:">
<br />
Ultimately it’s a question of driver preference, before buying a diesel it’s important to make sure it suits you driving style – and your commute.</div>
<div 0px="0px" 14px="14px" 15px="15px" 19.2px="19.2px" 2="2" arial="arial" elvetica="elvetica" font-family:="font-family:" font-size:="font-size:" font-style:="font-style:" font-variant:="font-variant:" font-weight:="font-weight:" justify="justify" letter-spacing:="letter-spacing:" line-height:="line-height:" margin:="margin:" none="none" normal="normal" orphans:="orphans:" outline:="outline:" padding:="padding:" sans-serif="sans-serif" style="text-align: justify;" text-align:="text-align:" text-indent:="text-indent:" text-transform:="text-transform:" white-space:="white-space:" widows:="widows:" word-spacing:="word-spacing:">
<br /></div>
<div 0px="0px" 14px="14px" 15px="15px" 19.2px="19.2px" 2="2" arial="arial" elvetica="elvetica" font-family:="font-family:" font-size:="font-size:" font-style:="font-style:" font-variant:="font-variant:" font-weight:="font-weight:" justify="justify" letter-spacing:="letter-spacing:" line-height:="line-height:" margin:="margin:" none="none" normal="normal" orphans:="orphans:" outline:="outline:" padding:="padding:" sans-serif="sans-serif" style="text-align: justify;" text-align:="text-align:" text-indent:="text-indent:" text-transform:="text-transform:" white-space:="white-space:" widows:="widows:" word-spacing:="word-spacing:">
Source : <a href="http://autoguide.com/" target="_blank">autoguide</a> </div>
Lienshttp://www.blogger.com/profile/11833531779299138348noreply@blogger.com5tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2918126498989631197.post-91707098382472644842012-10-19T22:55:00.001-07:002012-10-23T00:00:18.417-07:00BMW X3 sDrive18d<div style="text-align: justify;">
<b>2013 BMW X3 sDrive18d</b>.
German carmaker BMW has issued a report that will be the least expensive
cars are the 2013 BMW X3 sDrive18d. 2013 BMW X3 sDrive18d will be
available in the fall of 2012. 2013 BMW X3 sDrive18d will be the least
expensive models (economical entry-level model). 2013 BMW X3 sDrive18d
supported by Brake Energy Regeneration, Optimum Shift Indicator,
Electric Power Steering, ECO PRO mode and the Auto Start-Stop function.
Everything is included in the umbrella of BMW EfficientDynamics.</div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<b><a href="http://auto4stroke.blogspot.com/2012/10/bmw-x3-sdrive18d.html">2013 BMW X3 sDrive18d</a> Engine and performance</b></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
Sports Activity Vehicle (SAV) is armed
with a 4-cylinder engine 2.0-liter <a href="http://auto4stroke.blogspot.com/2012/09/inside-bmw-550i.html">twin-turbo diesel</a> with power 143 hp
and torque of 360 Nm at 1750-2500 rpm. Fuel consumption with the manual
transmission (Fuel Oil) 19.61 km / liter and CO2 emissions of 135 g /
km.</div>
<div class="wp-caption aligncenter" id="attachment_2219" style="width: 650px;">
<div class="wp-caption-text">
<br /></div>
</div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
2013 BMW X3 sDrive18d accelerate from
0-100 km / h in 9.9 seconds with the 6-speed manual transmission and
10.3 seconds via 8-speed automatic transmission. The maximum speed of
each 195 km / h and 190 km / hours.If you choose the automatic
transmission fuel consumption is 18.52 km / liter. CO2 emissions are 142
g / km.</div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<b>2013 BMW X3 sDrive18d Features</b></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<a href="http://autopitstops.com/bmw/2013-bmw-x3-sdrive18d/attachment/bmw-x3-sdrive18d-2013-front-autopitstops-com" rel="attachment wp-att-2217" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img alt="BMW X3 sDrive18d 2013 front autopitstops.com 2013 BMW X3 sDrive18d" class="size-full wp-image-2217" height="427" src="http://autopitstops.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/08/BMW-X3-sDrive18d-2013-front-autopitstops.com_.jpg" title="BMW X3 sDrive18d 2013 front autopitstops.com" width="640" /></a>2013 BMW X3 sDrive18d supported by
Brake Energy Regeneration, Optimum Shift Indicator, Electric Power
Steering, ECO PRO mode and the Auto Start-Stop function. Everything is
included in the umbrella of <a href="http://autopitstops.com/bmw/2012-mini-rocketman-concept">BMW</a> EfficientDynamics.</div>
<br />
<div class="wp-caption aligncenter" id="attachment_2218" style="width: 650px;">
<a href="http://autopitstops.com/bmw/2013-bmw-x3-sdrive18d/attachment/bmw-x3-sdrive18d-2013-side-autopitstops-com" rel="attachment wp-att-2218"></a><br />
<div class="wp-caption-text">
</div>
</div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
2013 BMW X3 sDrive18d has been equipped
with 4-cylinder engine 2.0-liter <a href="http://auto4stroke.blogspot.com/2012/09/inside-bmw-550i.html">twin-turbodiesel</a> that can give a power
of 143 hp and torque of 360 Nm at 1750-2500 rpm. Fuel consumption with
the manual transmission (Fuel Oil) 19.61 km / liter and CO2 emissions of
135 g / km.<a href="http://auto4stroke.blogspot.com/2012/10/bmw-x3-sdrive18d.html">BMW X3</a> sDrive18d can accelerate from 0-100 km / h in 9.9
seconds with the 6-speed manual transmission and 10 , 3 seconds via
8-speed automatic transmission. The maximum speed of each 195 km / h and
190 km / h.</div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
The consequence is that the<a href="http://auto4stroke.blogspot.com/2012/09/inside-bmw-550i.html"> BMW</a>
X3 additionally offers the foremost spectacular balance between
performance and fuel economy during this output category. Its sprinting
performance outstrips that of any rival, nevertheless it burns up to
seven per cent less fuel than its direct competitors within the premium
phase. the key lies within the engine’s potency and an intensive suite
of <a href="http://auto4stroke.blogspot.com/2012/09/inside-bmw-550i.html">BMW</a>
EfficientDynamics technology. The 2013 BMW X3 sDrive18d comes as
customary with options together with Brake Energy Regeneration, the
Optimum Shift Indicator, electrical power Steering, ECO professional
mode and also the motor vehicle Start-Stop perform, all of which may add
wheel with either the six-speed manual case or eight-speed automatic.</div>
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<div style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="wp-caption aligncenter" id="attachment_2217" style="width: 650px;">
<div class="wp-caption-text">
<br /></div>
</div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
The introduction of the new entry-level model sees the engine vary for the BMW
X3 expand to 3 gas variants and 4 diesels, covering AN output unfold
from one hundred and five kW/143 power unit to 230 kW/313 power unit.
The Sports Activity Vehicle could be a compelling proposition whichever
powerplant the client chooses, because of its communicative style,
hard-line premium quality, perceptibly improved ride comfort over its
precursor and also the most spectacular variability of any automobile in
its category. Folding down the forty : twenty : forty split rear-seat
backrests will increase boot house from 550 to one,600 litres, whereas
the 2013 BMW X3 sDrive18d may be ordered as AN choice with a trailer
coupling providing most towing capability of two,000 kilograms.</div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
The Sports Activity Vehicle additionally
sets new standards in terms of safety and property. The BMW X3 was
awarded the utmost five-star rating within the monetary unit NCAP crash
take a look at, whereas the array of driver help systems and quality
services from <a href="http://auto4stroke.blogspot.com/2012/10/bmw-x3-sdrive18d.html">BMW</a>
ConnectedDrive additionally obtainable for the 2013 BMW X3 sDrive18d
embody a rear-view camera with prime read, adjustive Headlights, Lane
Departure Warning together with Collision Warning, ordinance data with
No Passing data, Real Time Traffic data, <a href="http://autopitstops.com/bmw/2012-bmw-3-series-touring">BMW</a> Apps and – unambiguously during this phase – the Head-Up show.</div>
<div class="wp-caption aligncenter" id="attachment_2216" style="width: 710px;">
<a href="http://autopitstops.com/bmw/2013-bmw-x3-sdrive18d/attachment/bmw-x3-sdrive18d-2013-autopitstops-com" rel="attachment wp-att-2216"><img alt="BMW X3 sDrive18d 2013 autopitstops.com 2013 BMW X3 sDrive18d" class="size-full wp-image-2216" height="466" src="http://autopitstops.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/08/BMW-X3-sDrive18d-2013-autopitstops.com_.jpg" title="BMW X3 sDrive18d 2013 autopitstops.com" width="700" /></a><br />
<div class="wp-caption-text">
<br /></div>
</div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
This latest addition to its model line-up offers the <a href="http://auto4stroke.blogspot.com/2012/10/bmw-x3-sdrive18d.html">BMW</a>
X3 everything it must depend upon its history of success. quite seventy
four,000 units of the Sports Activity Vehicle were sold-out within the
half of 2012, an increase of thirty eight.4 per cent on a similar amount
last year.</div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<b>2013 BMW X3 sDrive18d price</b><br />
In Germany, 2013 BMW X3 sDrive18d prices starting from € 36,200.
SDrive18d BMW X3 is a variant of the BMW X3 seventh.2013 BMW X3
sDrive18d.</div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
Source : <a href="http://autopitstop.com/" target="_blank">Autopitstop</a> </div>
Lienshttp://www.blogger.com/profile/11833531779299138348noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2918126498989631197.post-85036773547877688652012-10-19T21:49:00.001-07:002012-10-19T23:20:45.266-07:00Volvo S60 T5 AWD<div style="text-align: justify;">
2013 Volvo S60 T5 AWD .The Swedish manufacturer, <b>Volvo</b>
seems to want to repeat the success of their sales by issuing a 2013
Volvo S60 T5 AWD. Volvo S60 has a large gain success with sales reaching
over 68 thousand units. Expensive cars are being hunted young
executives as the fastest and safest in its class, which means you can
drag but safely with this vehicle. 2013 Volvo S60 T5 AWD is the
second-generation variant. While first-generation variants have a new
record in the automotive world by breaking records in the UK, the
British land speed records. Besides the first-generation Volvo
S60 also broke the average speed during the race 24 hours. 2013 Volvo
S60 T5 AWD has been well known in the world motosport, many teams are
using this the car .2013 Volvo S60 T5 AWD Speed, Fastest and Safest In
Class.<br />
<br /></div>
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If you always enjoy seeing superior
vehicle, aerodynamic and technological sophistication to appreciate the
beauty of design, and love of comfort, luxury, and performance of a
typical European car, certainly
not wrong if the S60 falls as your choice. This is one car that has the
best chassis with a track width that provides the perfect balance and
control. First-class comfort and a more refined interior, all in the
hands of the driver’s reach. We do not need to explain the level of
safety and security in the world, everything we present to provide
tranquility while you enjoy the journey through the back wheel.Volvo,
which is famous for building a safe car and also bearing the title of
world’s safest cars. But now the company will turn it into a car that
will compete in the Swedish Elite League Racing<br />
<br />
<div style="text-align: justify;">
To support the success of Volvo issued a
new variant of its products, namely 2013 Volvo S60 T5 AWD, which will
be hoping his success will be achieved again with the 2013 Volvo S60 T5
AWD That would spoil us all with her driving, comfort and security more
increase.I forferma give applause to the 2013 Volvo S60 T5 AWD which
will be issued next year. Broadly speaking the S60 design has a very
attractive body design is the heart.</div>
<br />
When you we see of the front of the car does not see like most other
Volvo car, because this car see very bold and aggressive, even these
vehicles perform first revolution. The lines that there appears to be
more expressive, aggressive and long. 2013 Volvo S60 T5 AWD variant has
a charming exterior appearance.<br />
<b><br />
</b><br />
The 2013 Volvo S60 T5 AWD Machines owned luxury car dynamic bold and
aggressive design, the engine has a remarkable ability. The machine that
carried volvo very satisfying lover, the six-cylinder engine and
equipped with a turbocharger.<br />
<div class="wp-caption aligncenter" id="attachment_2104" style="width: 650px;">
<a href="http://autopitstops.com/volvo/2013-volvo-s60-t5-awd/attachment/2013-volvo-s60-awd-t5-engine-autopitstops-com" rel="attachment wp-att-2104"><img alt="2013 volvo s60 awd T5 engine autopitstops.com 2013 Volvo S60 T5 AWD" class="size-full wp-image-2104" height="425" src="http://autopitstops.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/08/2013-volvo-s60-awd-T5-engine-autopitstops.com_.jpg" title="2013 volvo s60 awd T5 engine autopitstops.com" width="640" /></a><br />
<div class="wp-caption-text">
2013 volvo s60 awd T5 engine autopitstops.com</div>
</div>
For the S60 T6 variant has 3.0-liter engine with turbocharger 6
cylinders that ejects power 300 horsepower and generates a torque of 440
Nm.<br />
<br />
<b>Safety Feature.<br />
</b><br />
<div style="text-align: justify;">
This is the advantage of the Volvo S60
in 2013 to provide security and safety while driving. During tests the
executive car crash has flawless results.In providing security,
completeness sedan brings modern electronics combined with conventional
equipment. The car is made ??by the manufacturer swedian obtain raing 5
(excellent) by the NHTSA (National Highway Traffic Safety
Administration).</div>
<br />
<div class="wp-caption aligncenter" id="attachment_2105" style="width: 650px;">
<a href="http://autopitstops.com/volvo/2013-volvo-s60-t5-awd/attachment/2013-volvo-s60-awd-t5-front-autopitstops-com" rel="attachment wp-att-2105"><img alt="2013 volvo s60 awd T5 front autopitstops.com 2013 Volvo S60 T5 AWD" class="size-full wp-image-2105" height="425" src="http://autopitstops.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/08/2013-volvo-s60-awd-T5-front-autopitstops.com_.jpg" title="2013 volvo s60 awd T5 front autopitstops.com" width="640" /></a><br />
<div class="wp-caption-text">
2013 volvo s60 awd T5 front autopitstops.com</div>
</div>
Class comfort and a more refined interior, all are within reach of
the driver’s hands. No need to tell us about the level of safety and
security in the world, we bring it all to give you peace while you enjoy
the journey through the wheel. Volvo, which is famous for building a
safe car and also bearing the title of the safest cars in the world. But
now the company will turn it into a car that will compete in the
Swedish Elite League Racing. 2013 Volvo S60 T5 AWD.<br />
<br />
Thank to <a href="http://autopitstops.com/volvo/2013-volvo-s60-t5-awd" target="_blank">Autopitstop </a>Lienshttp://www.blogger.com/profile/11833531779299138348noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2918126498989631197.post-63243639726310480462012-09-26T01:28:00.003-07:002012-09-26T01:46:44.351-07:00Inside BMW 550i<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg03zF88SjMH062gGOEMo3CXYlX-H9r6-6x8SPnJ1nigMrBOmcXmBY7M5Lv7yqb_P0Go5Plvz6VIwPtc9GR0arOVrVCZZaTaVzhzlh8EBw9vb03R89nQtvhdNKlUD3y_-qqIyYGs8VUSnM/s1600/bmw+8+cylinder.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="202" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg03zF88SjMH062gGOEMo3CXYlX-H9r6-6x8SPnJ1nigMrBOmcXmBY7M5Lv7yqb_P0Go5Plvz6VIwPtc9GR0arOVrVCZZaTaVzhzlh8EBw9vb03R89nQtvhdNKlUD3y_-qqIyYGs8VUSnM/s400/bmw+8+cylinder.jpg" width="400" /></a></div>
<br />
<a href="http://auto4stroke.blogspot.com/2012/09/inside-bmw-550i.html" target=""><b>Eight-cylinder engines </b></a><br />
<br />
Passion meets intelligence. The BMW eight-cylinder engines impress with high performance and spontaneous power delivery; and all this with low weight, fuel efficiency and unparalleled smooth running.<br />
<br />
The BMW eight-cylinder engines owe the V in their name to the position of their cylinder banks, which stand at a 90° angle to each other. The arrangement and distribution of the cylinders on the two cylinder banks ensure perfect equalisation of the inertial forces and thus for unusually smooth running.<br />
<br />
The performance of the BMW V8 engines is also unusual. Depending on the model, this is achieved through the employment of the most modern <a href="http://auto4stroke.blogspot.com/2009/04/tsi-twincharger-vws-engine.html" target="_blank">TwinPower Turbo </a>technology or by the complex high-speed concept. In vehicles with TwinPower Turbo two equally-large turbochargers work at the same time and supply the engine with compressed air. The central arrangement of the turbos between the cylinder banks of the V8 engines allows a particularly compact design. Combined with the <a href="http://auto4stroke.blogspot.com/2009/04/gdi-tech-gasoline-direct-injection.html" target="_blank">direct fuel injection (High Precision Injection)</a> system, a water-cooled intercooling system and use of the most modern lightweight construction components – like the magnesium aluminium compound crank case – BMW V8 engines reach impressive levels of performance with high efficiency. Thus the 4.4-litre TwinPower Turbo V8 petrol engine in the BMW 550i delivers a full 300 kW (407 hp) and a maximum torque of 600 Nm. And all this with a consumption of 10.4 l/100 km. The V8 engine in the BMW X6M provides even more power. Here a pair of <a href="http://auto4stroke.blogspot.com/2009/04/tsi-twincharger-vws-engine.html" target="_blank">Twin Scroll turbochargers</a> supplies the engine with air. The result is an outstanding 408 kW (555 hp), 680 Nm torque and a litre achievement of 126 hp per litre cubic capacity. The patented cylinder bank-overlapping exhaust manifold provides a particularly even exhaust supply. Thus differences in pressure, which lead to delays in the response mode, are effectively avoided. This means a high level of spontaneous power delivery.<br />
<br />
For V8 engines, depending on the model, BMW also focuses on the sophisticated high-speed concept in addition to turbocharging with a direct fuel injection system. Taken directly from the world of motor racing, it’s used in the V8 naturally-aspirated engine and permits revolutions to a maximum of 8,300 rpm. Consistent lightweight construction and eight electronically-steered single butterfly valves characterise the V8 power unit and connect racing technology with suitability for daily use. The concept of the single butterfly valve control allows the engine to respond sensitively in the low-speed range and permits immediate reaction when high-engine performance is demanded.<br />
<br />
A further constructional highlight is the oiling system, which allows for longitudinal and lateral acceleration of up to 1.4g. The innovative ion current knock control monitors the firing processes at every ignition in order to detect engine knocking, spark failure and combustion misfiring. The innovative Brake Energy Regeneration with intelligent generator regulation also comes into use here and brake energy is converted to current for the on-board electrical system.<br />
<br />
Thus the BMW M3 Coupé achieves a performance of 309 kW (420 hp) and a maximum torque of 400 Nm at 3,900 rpm. 85% of the maximum torque is demanded over a rev range of 6,500 rpm.
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</script>Lienshttp://www.blogger.com/profile/11833531779299138348noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2918126498989631197.post-77498658701701199972012-09-25T09:51:00.000-07:002012-09-25T09:51:41.445-07:00BMW Head-Up Display.<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: justify;">
<a href="http://www.bmw.com/com/en/insights/technology/technology_guide/articles/_shared/img/head_up_display.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="187" src="http://www.bmw.com/com/en/insights/technology/technology_guide/articles/_shared/img/head_up_display.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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Don’t lose sight of the important things. The BMW Head-Up Display projects relevant driving information directly into the driver’s line of sight. This allows him to process it up to 50% faster and keep his attention where it belongs – on the road. </div>
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BMW vehicles with Head-Up Display can be recognised by a small square depression on the dashboard. This contains a projector and a system of mirrors that beams an easy-to-read, high-contrast image onto a translucent film on the windscreen, directly in your line of sight. </div>
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The image is projected in such a way that it appears to be about two metres away, above the tip of the bonnet, making it particularly comfortable to read. Head-Up Display halves the time it takes for eyes to shift focus from road to the instruments and back. The system’s height can be adjusted for optimal viewing.
In the full-colour Head-Up Display in many newer BMW models makes the car even more comfortable for the driver. More colours means it’s easier to differentiate between general driving information like speed limits and navigation directions and urgent warning signals. Important information like ‘Pedestrian in the road’ (in conjunction with the optional BMW Night Vision) is now even more clear and recognisable – and this subsequently reduces the driver’s reaction time. The BMW Head-Up Display can easily be adjusted horizontally or vertically, via the iDrive Controller, for optimal viewing. This increased picture rotation means the BMW Head-Up Display is individually adjustable. All in all, it enables you to register information much faster, without having to take your eyes off the road. </div>
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In addition to the speed, which is displayed permanently, the Head-Up Display can also show other content depending on model and equipment. Examples include: rpm (in BMW X5 M and BMW X6 M this is multi-coloured), navigation instructions like the Guiding information with intersection zoom function and Lane Guiding, Speed Limit Info and the status of the Active Cruise Control. Driver Assistant warnings and the Check Control are also displayed in the Head-Up Display. These include Lane Departure Warning, pedestrian recognition from BMW Night Vision or the Collision Warning. </div>
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The driver can configure the Head-Up Display to his requirements using the iDrive Controller. </div>
Lienshttp://www.blogger.com/profile/11833531779299138348noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2918126498989631197.post-2823409999932811822012-09-18T17:24:00.001-07:002012-09-18T17:24:47.352-07:00Diesel Truck could save you money in the long termDo you own a <a href="http://adityamotor.blogspot.com/">diesel truck</a>? If you do you’ll have noticed that the price of this fuel has been on the increase at an alarming rate. There was a time when diesel was the much cheaper fuel option than gasoline (petrol to UK truckers!) Diesel vehicles have always been more expensive to buy than their gas run counterparts – but the fact that they were cheaper to fill up always gave this discrepancy a kind of balance. Not any more it seems. Diesel vehicles are now more costly both ways. Not great news if your truck relies on the black stuff to run and possibly worrying if you’re not sure whether you should buy a gas or diesel truck:
If you’re pondering the above sort of investment, especially if you want to use the truck as a tow vehicle, you could look at the following ranges, <a href="http://adityamotor.blogspot.com/">Mitsubishi, Nissan Diesel and Hino. </a><br />
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Although diesel is costlier to buy, the bottom line seems to be that you get more eventual mileage for your money if you fuel up this way. So there are savings to be made, it just doesn’t necessarily feel like it when you fill up at the station or garage and watch everyone else paying far less than you are for a full tank of petrol/gas.
Often people get put off diesel ruin vehicles because they view them as noisy, dirty and primitive. This may once have been the case but nowadays vehicles designed to run on diesel are far more highly tuned in terms of engineering and these faults are dealt with. It’s not like it used to be.<br />
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Dodge Ram trucks, for example have been reviewed as offering a pleasantly smooth ride with low noise interference. Oh, the wonders of technological advancements. But seeing, or in this case, experiencing is believing – so if you are unsure and still think that a drive in a diesel vehicle will be uncomfortable, utilitarian and noisy go for a test drive in on of the Dodge trucks range and you will probably be pleasantly surprised. You may even convert!<br />
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So try to put to the back of your mind any preconceptions about <a href="http://adityamotor.16mb.com/">diesel trucks</a> being unresponsive and lazy – that was then, this is now. The Dodge Ram 3500 is anything but sluggish and gives a smooth ride on all manner of terrain.
Current diesel v gasoline prices look as follows at the time of writing. Figures are for the USA only 178.4 for gasoline and 231.4 for diesel, this shows a rise of 2.3 in relation to diesel costs and one of 10.0 for gasoline.
Lienshttp://www.blogger.com/profile/11833531779299138348noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2918126498989631197.post-10218351688205664082009-05-25T19:14:00.000-07:002009-05-25T19:19:34.135-07:00The Automotive Technology Roadmap<p>Published January 2009, the Automotive Technology Roadmap is a unique collaboration between automotive business publisher SupplierBusiness, part of the IHS Global Insight group, and Ricardo. The report sets out the key drivers of change within the auto industry and analyses the current framework of competition for customers in terms of parameters including product performance, safety, OEM corporate structure, cost base and ownership, and supply chain issues and economies of scale.<br /></p><p>The report goes on to examine each aspect of the vehicle in turn, including body structure, electrical and electronic control systems, passive and active safety systems, climate control, brakes, steering, suspension, wheels, chassis, driveline and transmission systems, advanced engine technologies, alternative fuels, hybrid systems, energy management and fuel cell vehicle systems. In each case, a comprehensive analysis of current state–of–the–art products is provided, together with the vision of the authors for the deployment of new technologies – including major potential disruptors – over a time horizon of approximately twenty years.<br /></p><p>For each section Ricardo specialists have contributed their own insights and reviewed and validated the information gathered from external sources by SupplierBusiness. As such, while there is naturally much detailed level information which must remain confidential to Ricardo, the report provides a rigorous and well–researched vision of the future development of automotive technology which will be of significant value to SupplierBusiness customers.<br /></p><p>Ian Kershaw, managing director of Ricardo Strategic Consulting in Northern Europe, said: "We are pleased to have partnered SupplierBusiness in the preparation of the Automotive Technology Roadmap report. Running to well in excess of three hundred pages, this report provides perhaps the most thoroughgoing examination currently available in published form of the likely technological development of the automobile over the next twenty years. Within the limits of what Ricardo can publicly disclose while protecting our clients’ confidentiality, the comprehensive nature of the analysis provided is likely to be extremely useful those engaged at all levels within the global automotive industry, including investors."</p><p><a href="http://www.supplierbusiness.com/reports_endpoint.asp?id=22&TC=webhome">Click here for details</a></p>Lienshttp://www.blogger.com/profile/11833531779299138348noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2918126498989631197.post-88224945921415554072009-05-18T00:26:00.001-07:002012-09-16T17:21:38.413-07:00General Motor - HCCI EngineA dark blue Saturn Aura is turning around the ovals of General Motors. It may look like any fresh model set for drive testing, but under the hood of this vehicle is an experimental engine that General Motors believe is the next milestone for fuel economy and emission control. Together with this Aura, GM is introducing the world the homogeneous-charge compression ignition engine (HCCI). Aside from other electrical connectors, this engine sets the Saturn Aura from other engineering prototypes.<br />
<br />
According to GM’s researchers, the HCCI engine runs on a combustion process that holds the potential for advancements in fuel efficiency. Although several auto companies are developing the same system, GM is one of the pioneers.<br />
<br />
The HCCI engine has the finest engine qualities, diesel engines that offer low fuel consumption and technology controlled low emissions.<br />
<br />
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<embed src="http://www.youtube.com/v/rJ9ui0guXzA&hl=en&fs=1" type="application/x-shockwave-flash" allowscriptaccess="always" allowfullscreen="true" width="425" height="344"></embed></object><br />
<br />
As of now, further refinements will be needed for the engine. When it will be ready for the road, is the question that GM cannot answer at the moment. GM’s engineers and computers will maintain the engine on its operating range. According to experts, the works will be worth the investment.<br />
<br />
In a New York Times interview with Chris Gerdes, associate professor of mechanical engineering at Stanford University, he was quoted saying “I believe H.C.C.I. represents the next great advance of the internal combustion engine,” The renowned<br />
<br />
University is part of the HCCI research with GM.<br />
<br />
“With minimal changes to the engine hardware, H.C.C.I. gasoline engines should be able to produce diesel-like efficiencies while simultaneously lowering emissions,” he further stated on the same interview.<br />
<br />
The engine has the potential to raise fuel efficiency by 15 percent to 20 percent and at the same time, it will cause oxides of nitrogen reductions said Dennis Assanis, director of the Walter E. Lay Automotive Laboratory at the University of Michigan.<br />
<br />
The 2.2 liter engine used in the Aura test was basically based from the GM Ecotec 2.4 liter four cylinder engine available in the Aura next year. A power of 180 horsepower and 170 pound-feet of torque is expected to be generated from the HCCI engine. On the other hand, the engine of the 2008 Aura will be generating a lesser power of 164 horsepower and 159 pound-feet.<br />
<br />
The HCCI engine works by igniting an equal distribution mixture of fuel, air and exhaust gas. Like how <a href="http://adityamotor.16mb.com/">diesel engine</a> works, combustion is spontaneous from the heat in the cylinder.<br />
<br />
“H.C.C.I. relies on a very delicate balance of chemistry happening thousands of times per minute in the cylinder,” said Paul Najt, a manager in G.M.’s powertrain research laboratory in his interview with the NYT.<br />
<br />
“Controlling the chemistry is the difficult part to implement,” he said. “If the temperature and gas composition aren’t precisely correct, either nothing happens or something very bad happens.” He added. Mr. Najt had been working on the HCCI project for more than 30 years.<br />
<br />
Aside from GM (factory manufacturer of Geo Catalytic Converter), other international auto companies are on their works for engine development. Volkswagen is developing their Combined Combustion System; Mercedes-Benz will be publicizing the details of their Controlled Auto Ignition Sytem and Honda with their own HCCI which was originally for racing motorcycles and is now tested in a four-cylinder <a href="http://adityamotor.16mb.com/">car engine</a>.Lienshttp://www.blogger.com/profile/11833531779299138348noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2918126498989631197.post-88460230772394271702009-05-18T00:26:00.000-07:002012-09-16T17:22:02.290-07:00General Motor - HCCI EngineA dark blue Saturn Aura is turning around the ovals of General Motors. It may look like any fresh model set for drive testing, but under the hood of this vehicle is an experimental engine that General Motors believe is the next milestone for fuel economy and emission control. Together with this Aura, GM is introducing the world the homogeneous-charge compression ignition engine (HCCI). Aside from other electrical connectors, this engine sets the Saturn Aura from other engineering prototypes.
<br />
<br />According to GM’s researchers, the HCCI engine runs on a combustion process that holds the potential for advancements in fuel efficiency. Although several auto companies are developing the same system, GM is one of the pioneers.
<br />
<br />The HCCI engine has the finest engine qualities, diesel engines that offer low fuel consumption and technology controlled low emissions.
<br />
<br /><object width="425" height="344"><param name="movie" value="http://www.youtube.com/v/rJ9ui0guXzA&hl=en&fs=1"></param><param name="allowFullScreen" value="true"></param><param name="allowscriptaccess" value="always"></param><embed src="http://www.youtube.com/v/rJ9ui0guXzA&hl=en&fs=1" type="application/x-shockwave-flash" allowscriptaccess="always" allowfullscreen="true" width="425" height="344"></embed></object>
<br />
<br />As of now, further refinements will be needed for the engine. When it will be ready for the road, is the question that GM cannot answer at the moment. GM’s engineers and computers will maintain the engine on its operating range. According to experts, the works will be worth the investment.
<br />
<br />In a New York Times interview with Chris Gerdes, associate professor of mechanical engineering at Stanford University, he was quoted saying “I believe H.C.C.I. represents the next great advance of the internal combustion engine,” The renowned
<br />
<br />University is part of the HCCI research with GM.
<br />
<br />“With minimal changes to the engine hardware, H.C.C.I. gasoline engines should be able to produce diesel-like efficiencies while simultaneously lowering emissions,” he further stated on the same interview.
<br />
<br />The engine has the potential to raise fuel efficiency by 15 percent to 20 percent and at the same time, it will cause oxides of nitrogen reductions said Dennis Assanis, director of the Walter E. Lay Automotive Laboratory at the University of Michigan.
<br />
<br />The 2.2 liter engine used in the Aura test was basically based from the GM Ecotec 2.4 liter four cylinder engine available in the Aura next year. A power of 180 horsepower and 170 pound-feet of torque is expected to be generated from the HCCI engine. On the other hand, the engine of the 2008 Aura will be generating a lesser power of 164 horsepower and 159 pound-feet.
<br />
<br />The HCCI engine works by igniting an equal distribution mixture of fuel, air and exhaust gas. Like how diesel engine works, combustion is spontaneous from the heat in the cylinder.
<br />
<br />“H.C.C.I. relies on a very delicate balance of chemistry happening thousands of times per minute in the cylinder,” said Paul Najt, a manager in G.M.’s powertrain research laboratory in his interview with the NYT.
<br />
<br />“Controlling the chemistry is the difficult part to implement,” he said. “If the temperature and gas composition aren’t precisely correct, either nothing happens or something very bad happens.” He added. Mr. Najt had been working on the HCCI project for more than 30 years.
<br />
<br />Aside from GM (factory manufacturer of Geo Catalytic Converter), other international auto companies are on their works for engine development. Volkswagen is developing their Combined Combustion System; Mercedes-Benz will be publicizing the details of their Controlled Auto Ignition Sytem and Honda with their own HCCI which was originally for racing motorcycles and is now tested in a four-cylinder car engine.
<br />Lienshttp://www.blogger.com/profile/11833531779299138348noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2918126498989631197.post-27929052247289718512009-05-15T21:19:00.000-07:002009-05-15T21:27:13.900-07:00Telligent® systems New Actros<div style="text-align: justify;">The new Actros offers a range of cabs and specification for every task and budget. Innovative technology provides an economical transport solution, long-distance or short-haul. In addition, the Actros boasts hard-wearing good looks and of course, exemplary Mercedes-Benz standards of safety.<br /><br />For the third year running, Actros has been awarded International Truck of the Year thanks to its superb specification and design. Features like Telligent Lane Assist, a larger and more comfortable bed with adjustable head section, and the innovative PowerShift 2 gearbox all add up to a truck that’s safer, more comfortable and easier to drive than ever before.<br /><br /><object width="425" height="344"><param name="movie" value="http://www.youtube.com/v/KW2jM2ZXQfw&hl=en&fs=1&rel=0"></param><param name="allowFullScreen" value="true"></param><param name="allowscriptaccess" value="always"></param><embed src="http://www.youtube.com/v/KW2jM2ZXQfw&hl=en&fs=1&rel=0" type="application/x-shockwave-flash" allowscriptaccess="always" allowfullscreen="true" width="425" height="344"></embed></object><br /><br /><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-weight: bold;">Telligent® systems</span><br />Telligent® is a complete package of systems covering all aspects of operation in the new Actros. Intelligent systems monitor and regulate the vehicle functions, giving drivers a safer, smoother ride and prolonging the life of the vehicle and parts.<br /><br /><span style="font-weight: bold;">Proximity control</span><br />Keeping your distance is perhaps one of the most important rules of safety, yet one that is becoming harder and harder to obey. That’s why Telligent® proximity control is available as an option in conjunction with a retarder. This driver assistance system permits a more relaxed style of driving by scanning the traffic situation up to 150 metres in front of the vehicle, monitoring the distance to the vehicle in front and the speed at which it is travelling and analysing any changes. As a result, the speed of the new Actros and its distance from the vehicle in front are automatically adjusted to the changing traffic situation.<br /><br /><span style="font-weight: bold;">Braking system</span><br />The standard-specification Telligent® brake system comprises a dual-circuit brake system, internally ventilated disc brakes all round, ABS, ASR and auxiliary brakes such as the engine brake or retarder. The system relays each brake signal at lightning speed – much quicker than any mechanical system could. It also allows brake power to be metered as sensitively as in a passenger car.<br /><br />The braking force is optimally distributed between tractor and trailer according to the load. The Telligent® brake system also ensures that the brake pads on the different axles do not wear at significantly different rates.<br /><br />Brake Assist instantly recognises a critical situation by the speed with which the driver steps on the brake and acts at lightning speed, activating the full force of the brakes.<br /><br />The integral retarder function ensures that when the service brake is applied, the engine brake (constantly-open throttle and brake valve) and, where fitted, the retarder are automatically activated.<br /><br /><span style="font-weight: bold;">Automated Gearshift</span><br />The Telligent® automated gearshift is optional for construction vehicles. It lightens the driver’s workload without any loss of control or sensitivity from the ergonomic hand-held gearshift.<br /><br />Gear changes can be made without the driver having to operate the clutch, though the driver is still free to take control of gear selection at any time.<br /><br /><span style="font-weight: bold;">Lane Assist</span><br />The optional Telligent® Lane Assist lane recognition system is always on call in case the vehicle unintentionally strays too close to the edge of a lane.<br /><br />A small camera located behind the windscreen monitors road-markings and relays the information to an on-board computer. If the lateral distance between the vehicle and the lane markings changes, the system emits an audible signal via the stereo speakers, alerting the driver to correct the course of the vehicle before any problems arise.<br /><br /><span style="font-weight: bold;">Stability control</span><br />Telligent® stability control is available as special equipment for 4×2 and 6×2 Actros semi-trailer tractors.<br /><br />It recognises potentially dangerous situations like skidding or swerving, and acts to redress the balance by adjusting the vehicle’s power supply and braking. Through systematic adjustment of the engine torque, precisely metered tractor braking and trailer braking control combine to help drivers avoid dangerous situations.<br /><br />Combined with an alert and careful driving style, Telligent® stability control can make a significant difference to security for both vehicle and personnel.<br /><br />Source : Mercedes-Benz<br /></div>Lienshttp://www.blogger.com/profile/11833531779299138348noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2918126498989631197.post-77780691398930508442009-05-14T21:07:00.000-07:002009-05-15T06:53:29.294-07:00Ford Focus EV<div align="justify">Many electric car companies are still trying to compensate for “glorified golf car syndrome.” It’s a kind of inferiority complex that pushes them to produce ultra-hip, spectacularly innovative, or screaming fast electric vehicles—and to brand them as revolutionary—even though it drives the cost up and out of range for most consumers. What about folks who simply want an affordable, dressed-down, highway-capable family sedan that runs on electric drive technology that’s been proven to work for 100 years?<br />The answer could be the Ford Focus EV due out in late 2011—the first electric car designed for the generic aisle of the dealership. Ford’s plans for the Focus EV are not aimed at buzz and sizzle. Instead, the company is focused on addressing the biggest obstacle between EVs and the mainstream: cost.<br />(Sure, those other companies expect to ramp up production, realize economies of scale, and eventually reduce costs down to reason. But doesn’t that seem like a roundabout way to achieve the goal?) </div><br /><div><br /><strong>Technology As Cool<br /></strong><br /><object width="560" height="340"><param name="movie" value="http://www.youtube.com/v/IrbKAaV04tk&hl=en&fs=1&rel=0"><param name="allowFullScreen" value="true"><param name="allowscriptaccess" value="always"><br /><embed src="http://www.youtube.com/v/IrbKAaV04tk&hl=en&fs=1&rel=0" type="application/x-shockwave-flash" allowscriptaccess="always" allowfullscreen="true" width="560" height="340"></embed></object></div><br /><div align="justify"><br />Michigan Governor Jennifer Granholm (left) and Nancy Gioia, director of sustainable mobility technologies at Ford, check out the Ford Focus EV at the 2009 Detroit Auto Show.<br />The Ford Focus EV will be based on the next-generation Ford Focus, a capable if not head-turning car. By choosing an existing platform, Ford will save the expense associated with developing a unique design. Ever since the second-generation Prius, with its iconic design, became a hit, automakers have adopted the idea that a hybrid car with an innovative high-tech drivetrain needs to scream out for attention. That’s the direction that Nissan is taking with its yet-to-be-unveiled small electric car, also due out in 2012. The Chevy Volt plug-in hybrid, the new Honda Insight, and the Lexus HS250h are also original purpose-built designs.<br />Ford is gambling that the cool factor lies in the technology and price, not in the car’s name or the shape of the sheet metal. Pricing is not yet announced, but trimming the cost obviously will give Ford the ability to aim for affordability and profitability. (Nissan is aiming for $25,000 to $30,000 for its EV; and the Chevy Volt will cost in the range of $40,000.) </div><br /><div align="justify"><br /><strong>Pre-packaged Technology</strong><br />The second cost-cutting measure is Ford’s use of generic pre-made electric car technology. In other words, Ford is using a system already developed by Magna International, a major global auto supply and technology firm, which has been looking for a carmaker to use its new pre-packaged electric car architecture, including motor, transmission, motor controller, lithium ion battery system and charger. Ford is the first to sign on.<br />Magna will also share in the engineering responsibility to integrate the electric propulsion system into the Ford Focus EV. Furthermore, Ford’s deal with Magna is non-exclusive—so the same system could be used by Ford’s competition to make an electric cars. In fact, Ford is encouraging Magna to spread the high-tech love, because Magna’s success with EV technology will increase the chances that other car companies will help defray costs. Implied in this approach is the likely slow rollout of pure electric cars, which could take a decade to grow beyond a niche.<br />Ford used a similar strategy with its Sync in-car entertainment system, developed in partnership with Microsoft, which can sell the technology to other automakers.<br /></div><br /><div align="justify">The Ford Focus EV is targeted to have a range of 100 miles between charges, courtesy of a 23 kWh battery pack. The Focus EV will not be a plug-in series hybrid, sometimes referred to as “extended-range electric vehicle,” which carries a small engine on board to recharge the batteries on the fly. Instead, you’ll need to plan your travels to get back to a plug before you use up the 100 miles worth of energy. Fully recharging could take from 6 to 12 hours, depending if you are using a 110-volt or 220-volt hookup. Ford is planning to introduce its own plug-in hybrid in 2012.<br />The Ford Focus EV will use a single-speed transmission. The powertrain, including the motor and gearbox, are packaged under the hood where you would expect to see a gasoline engine. </div><br /><div align="justify"><br /><strong>The Back Story<br /></strong>Ford had been chatting with Magna about electric cars for a couple of years, when in 2008 Magna presented its electric car prototype to Ford engineers and executives. "We took a look at that execution and said, 'Hey, together we can really make this a proposition," said Nancy Gioia, Ford's Director of Sustainable Mobility Technologies.<br />Five months later, Ford announced its intention to produce the car at the 2009 Detroit Auto Show.<br />Early reviews of the Focus EV pre-production vehicles have been positive—with kudos for brisk acceleration, top-notch build-quality, and handling and braking much better than your average pre-production car. When Michigan’s Gov. Jennifer Granholm took a spin of the Focus EV at the Detroit Show, she was impressed. “At first, she was surprised that it wasn’t merely a concept car, but actually a road-ready demonstrator of battery electric vehicle technology,” said Gioia. “I think she was wowed by how it’s quiet, smooth and fun to drive.”<br /><br />Source : hybridcars </div>Lienshttp://www.blogger.com/profile/11833531779299138348noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2918126498989631197.post-75019094757488944602009-05-13T20:46:00.000-07:002009-05-14T18:53:33.620-07:00Mazda Hybrid Rotary Hydrogen VehicleMazda Motor Corporation today commenced commercial leasing of the Mazda Premacy Hydrogen RE Hybrid, a hydrogen hybrid vehicle that offers substantially improved performance thanks to the addition of a hybrid system. Mazda is the world’s first automobile manufacturer to begin commercial leasing of a hydrogen hybrid vehicle; the first units will be delivered to local government authorities and energy-related companies during 2009.<br /><br />The Premacy Hydrogen RE Hybrid is Mazda’s second hydrogen rotary engine model to be commercialized; the first was Mazda’s unique RX-8 Hydrogen RE. The Premacy Hydrogen RE Hybrid’s finalized specifications were approved by Japan’s Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism (MLIT) on March 5, 2009. The first vehicles received their registration numbers from the Hiroshima branch of the Chugoku District Transport Bureau on March 25.<br /><br />The Premacy Hydrogen RE Hybrid features a series-type hybrid drivetrain, which combines Mazda’s hydrogen rotary engine with an electric motor. The engine output is converted to electricity, which then powers the motor that drives the wheels. This hybrid system boosts the hydrogen fuel range of the Premacy Hydrogen RE Hybrid to 200 kilometers, twice the range of the RX-8 Hydrogen RE, and increases the maximum output by approximately 40 percent, to 110 kilowatts. Mazda’s latest eco-car features many other forward-looking environmental technologies, including Mazda’s proprietary dual-fuel system, which enables the car to run on gasoline if hydrogen is unavailable, and interior parts made from Mazda’s plant-derived Biotechmaterials.<br /><br /><object width="425" height="344"><param name="movie" value="http://www.youtube.com/v/k2OrXxVKRnI&hl=en&fs=1"></param><param name="allowFullScreen" value="true"></param><param name="allowscriptaccess" value="always"></param><embed src="http://www.youtube.com/v/k2OrXxVKRnI&hl=en&fs=1" type="application/x-shockwave-flash" allowscriptaccess="always" allowfullscreen="true" width="425" height="344"></embed></object><br /><br />Based on the Sustainable Zoom-Zoom plan, Mazda is committed to pursuing harmony between driving pleasure and environmental and safety features, and the quest for an advanced Zoom-Zoom world. Mazda aims to offer vehicles that “look inviting to drive, are fun to drive, and make you want to drive them again.”<br /><br />Main specifications of the Mazda Premacy Hydrogen RE Hybrid<br />· Base model: Mazda Premacy<br />· Overall length: 4,565mm<br />· Overall width: 1,745mm<br />· Overall height: 1,620 mm<br />· Engine: Mazda’s hydrogen rotary engine (with dual-fuel system)<br />· Motor: Alternating current synchronous motor<br />· Maximum output: 110 kW<br />· Generator: Alternating current synchronous generator<br />· Battery: Lithium-ion (Li-ion)<br />· Seating capacity: Five<br />· Fuel: Hydrogen and gasoline<br />· Hydrogen tank: 35 MPa high-pressure tank<br />Source : <a href="http://www.mazda.com"></a>Lienshttp://www.blogger.com/profile/11833531779299138348noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2918126498989631197.post-56631643752730537762009-05-13T20:13:00.000-07:002009-05-13T20:25:18.441-07:00Hydrogen CarsThe technology of hydrogen cars has been stepping closer to reality. California and Japan have many hydrogen cars being used as fleet vehicles now.<br /><br />Researchers at the Hydrogen Systems Laboratory at Purdue’s Maurice J. Zucrow Laboratories have developed a critical part of a hydrogen storage system for cars that makes it possible to fill up a vehicle’s fuel tank within five minutes with enough hydrogen to drive 300 miles.<br /><br /><object width="425" height="344"><param name="movie" value="http://www.youtube.com/v/Ykl2PH2B-tM&hl=en&fs=1"></param><param name="allowFullScreen" value="true"></param><param name="allowscriptaccess" value="always"></param><embed src="http://www.youtube.com/v/Ykl2PH2B-tM&hl=en&fs=1" type="application/x-shockwave-flash" allowscriptaccess="always" allowfullscreen="true" width="425" height="344"></embed></object><br /><br />To date, it long has been known that hydrogen car uses hydrogen as its on-board fuel for motive power. The idea of hydrogen cars is to have a system that fills the tank and at the same time uses accessory connectors that supply coolant to extract the heat.<br /><br />The new found technology was linked to the storage system, that lead to a more efficient system, where hydrogen storage systems can be charged multiple times in much the same way a gasoline tank is charged today.Lienshttp://www.blogger.com/profile/11833531779299138348noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2918126498989631197.post-90412048370368482972009-05-13T01:08:00.000-07:002009-05-13T02:00:00.895-07:00ELECTRIC SUPERCHARGERSmoke emissions produced by turbocharged diesel engines under heavy load conditions - such as when accelerating from low engine speeds and other similar transient manoeuvres - can be all but eliminated by a relatively simple and low cost electric supercharger says automotive CO2 reduction specialist Controlled Power Technologies (CPT).<br /><br /><a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiMw-WmkV6mLQKF2nAabCGkZLpUpTUSOn7v-Pggs-H_p36h3fW9MmYbi4gr5WRnDPqq8JpU1XvJ3duEABiRyH2td-MSg7fNMmXrloliQqiPD0addNS2hbp3wWYsoYCXGrSakmQHT3Dm5nk/s1600-h/electric+supercharger.png"><img style="margin: 0px auto 10px; display: block; text-align: center; cursor: pointer; width: 150px; height: 165px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiMw-WmkV6mLQKF2nAabCGkZLpUpTUSOn7v-Pggs-H_p36h3fW9MmYbi4gr5WRnDPqq8JpU1XvJ3duEABiRyH2td-MSg7fNMmXrloliQqiPD0addNS2hbp3wWYsoYCXGrSakmQHT3Dm5nk/s320/electric+supercharger.png" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5335217927606892866" border="0" /></a>The reduction of particulate emissions is a major issue for the off-highway segment of the commercial vehicle industry, which faces tough new international regulations in 2012, when for the first time legislators will assess the emissions of engines under transient conditions. Until now the emission testing for such engines has been steady state.<br /><br />“The particulate problem is caused by the turbocharger being sized for maximum power rather than transient response,” says Nick Pascoe chief executive officer <a href="http://www.cpowert.com/">CPT</a>. “During a transient event, the fuel injection system tries to deliver the power demanded by injecting more fuel, but the turbocharger will be a few seconds behind, with the lack of air causing over rich combustion and lots of soot. A fast-acting electric supercharger helps with the root cause of the problem by supplying more air earlier in the event. It can also help minimise the need for expensive exhaust after-treatment.”<br /><br />Pascoe, accompanied by engineering director Guy Morris, will have the opportunity to discuss the technical issues with other delegates attending the 5th International Commercial Powertrain Conference organised by AVL at Graz in Austria this week. The two-day forum, held on 28-29 April 2009, provides a platform for industry experts and automotive engineers responsible for trucks and buses, agricultural tractors, non-road commercial vehicles and industrial machinery to exchange ideas.<br /><br />The benefits of having a near instantaneous air supply can be achieved by CPT’s electric compressor known as VTES or ‘variable torque enhancement system’.<br /><br />The technology provides an attractive solution for the industry because of its low cost, low effort of application engineering and low commercial risk. This is particularly the case when compared with twin sequential turbocharged solutions, which are unable to match the faster mass flow rate rise and corresponding torque response delivered by VTES at low engine speeds.<br /><br />“VTES is a compact system with fully integrated electronics that’s easy to install,” says Pascoe. “It dramatically increases the engine air charge density over the first few critical combustion cycles of a low speed transient operation, enabling real improvements in both torque and emissions performance.”<br /><br />Unlike mechanical superchargers and exhaust gas driven turbochargers, VTES operates independently of engine speed. Its low inertia compressor accelerates from idle to a maximum of 70,000rpm in less than 350 milliseconds. The system is highly dynamic and the intake charge boosting and resulting torque enhancement is achieved very typically in less than 250 milliseconds.<br /><br />As well as avoiding the need for a twin sequential turbocharger, the VTES approach can help reduce the size and cost as well as minimising the uncertainty in regeneration strategies of using a diesel particulate filter. VTES effectively provides an additional control that can be used during vehicle calibration to reduce particulate emissions and increase transient torque.<br /><br />In a fixed speed torque step at 1,250rpm, test data taken from a 3-cylinder 3-litre diesel engine revealed a reduction of the area under the smoke curve of 89 per cent and smoke opacity reduced from 8.3 to 1.4 per cent. Over the NRTC test cycle the associated smoke emission is virtually eliminated. The NRTC test is a transient driving cycle for mobile non-road diesel engines developed by the US EPA in cooperation with European Union authorities.<br /><br />As well as reducing particulate emissions, VTES technology can also be applied for NOX control. As part of a low pressure exhaust gas recirculation system it can deliver sufficient EGR flow even with a low pressure difference across the engine and rapid purging of EGR in the ducts and intercooler during high load transients.<br /><br />“Future emission controls will require increased use of exhaust gas recirculation even under higher engine load conditions,” says Morris. “Traditional high pressure EGR systems result in poor driveability, which is an issue that can also be addressed with VTES technology.”<br /><br />CPT’s VTES supercharger benefits from almost a decade of research and continuous product development resulting in a robust and cost-effective system.<br /><br />Formed as a management buy-in funded by private venture capital, the company is backed by a number of prominent investors specialising in the energy and environmental sectors. CPT’s understanding of power electronics and control software and how electrical machines can be applied to vehicle powertrains probably best defines its area of expertise.Lienshttp://www.blogger.com/profile/11833531779299138348noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2918126498989631197.post-60598295409732168152009-05-05T20:02:00.000-07:002009-05-05T20:11:46.689-07:00Volvo Trucks strongest in constructionWith the world’s most powerful truck, new, fuel-efficient engines and a new generation of the Volvo I-Shift automatic gearchanging system, Volvo Trucks is further strengthening its position in the construction segment.<br /><br /><a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhWePb-fEouqqnsEoUwzn_tXnZXO_F3xVpOvNG_S6p1T6Oh4rh6eOayhvf1O2tcmSSLbmCVm-gkpiLpfQi8UZ8uNh-2wjByuk9d2W9zn0BBtiee9r1tntB6lkIgAvkRX64b4j9PT0rvfIM/s1600-h/T2009_1005.jpg"><img style="margin: 0px auto 10px; display: block; text-align: center; cursor: pointer; width: 142px; height: 98px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhWePb-fEouqqnsEoUwzn_tXnZXO_F3xVpOvNG_S6p1T6Oh4rh6eOayhvf1O2tcmSSLbmCVm-gkpiLpfQi8UZ8uNh-2wjByuk9d2W9zn0BBtiee9r1tntB6lkIgAvkRX64b4j9PT0rvfIM/s320/T2009_1005.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5332542501543297010" border="0" /></a>The product range encompasses everything from the 12-tonne Volvo FL to the Volvo FH16 700 flagship, which is the main centre of attraction on the Volvo stand at the Intermat show in Paris. At the show, which opens on April 20, Volvo is also displaying its best-selling Volvo FM 8x4 Tipper.<br /><br />“Over the past few years we have worked with a firm focus on strengthening our position in the construction segment, and today we have a very strong total offer here,” says Volvo Trucks President and CEO Staffan Jufors. “With new products and comprehensive training of our dealers, we are in an excellent position to meet customers’ demands when the economy picks up.”<br /><br />Powerful and easy to drive<br />The new Volvo FH16 700 has already aroused considerable interest among many customers in the construction industry. With an engine producing 700 hp and 3150 Nm of torque, it has all the power needed for the efficient transport of heavy machines and construction materials. The Volvo FH16 700 is equipped with Volvo’s automatic gearchanging system, Volvo I-Shift, which helps make the truck both easy to drive and fuel-efficient. The latest generation of I-Shift now has a number of new features designed specifically for construction operations, such as fuel-saving gearchanging for heavy haulage and improved starting traction and grip on slippery and loose surfaces.<br /><br />More and more customers are choosing I-Shift<br />“Today more than 30 percent of all the vehicles we deliver in the construction segment are equipped with I-Shift, and that proportion is increasing all the time,” says Gunnar Eliasson, business area manager for construction vehicles at Volvo Trucks. “Operators appreciate the driving comfort and with its new features, I-Shift will be an even stronger alternative for construction vehicles.”<br /><br />Three percent lower fuel consumption<br />The new I-Shift is also one of the key components in Volvo’s best-selling Volvo FM 8x4 Tipper, which is on display at Intermat. The gearchanging system is matched by a new, fuel-efficient 13-litre engine. Together they help cut the truck’s fuel consumption by up to three percent compared with the latest driveline (Euro 5 Incentive). For somewhat lighter applications, such as mixer trucks, the Volvo FM is available in a weight- and fuel-optimised version powered by a new 11-litre engine. This model too is several percent more fuel-efficient than its predecessor.<br /><br />Both trucks and construction machines<br />At Intermat, Volvo Trucks is sharing its stand with sister company Volvo Construction Equipment.<br /><br />“Together we offer unbeatable in-depth expertise on the construction industry and a truly comprehensive product range. As a result, we can offer our customers individually tailored package solutions covering everything from excavators and trucks to financing and servicing,” says Gunnar Eliasson.<br /><br /><br />Other information<br />The Volvo Trucks product range for construction duties encompasses:<br />Volvo FL – for light construction duties.<br />Volvo FE – for light construction operations on good roads.<br />Volvo FM – for all types of construction work.<br />Volvo FH – for efficient transportation to and from the construction site.<br />Volvo FH16 – for heavy transports.<br /><br />At Intermat, Volvo is displaying:<br />Volvo FH16 700 8x4 Heavy-Duty Hauler<br />Engine: Volvo D16G 700 hp, 3150 Nm, engine brake VEB+.<br />Transmission: Volvo I-Shift with 12 gears.<br />Rear axle: RT2610HV, tandem axle with hub reduction.<br />GCW: up to 200 tonnes (with special agreement).<br />Wheelbase: 3.6 m.<br /><br />Volvo FM 8x4 Tipper<br />Engine: Volvo D13C, 460 hp, 2300 Nm, engine brake VEB+.<br />Transmission: Volvo I-Shift with 12 gears.<br />Rear axle: RT3210HV, tandem axle with hub reduction.<br />GCW: 60 tonnes, bogie load 26 tonnes, front axle load 16 tonnes.<br />Wheelbase: 4.3 m.Lienshttp://www.blogger.com/profile/11833531779299138348noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2918126498989631197.post-8766459763828935122009-05-05T06:31:00.000-07:002009-05-07T06:26:46.162-07:00NISSAN DIESEL EURO-2<div style="text-align: justify;">Produck Nissan Diesel Euro-2 dirancang khusus untuk kebutuhan dan pengoperasian di Indonesia dengan mempertimbangkan masukan-masukan dari costumer antara lain, hemat BBM dan mudah dalam perawatan, chasis yang kuat dengan daya tahan tinggi, berbagai varian dan tentunya juga telah memenuhi satandard emisi gas buang Euro-2.<br /><br /><a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhjckdPyLJiiDXCdYZjyTVGhyYL9as6j80OosozEVJFDWROvw2YszqVOU2-waYsMwGZR-e1-hVgu5n8VzwOr8Wxr6VbrGuuY6ldPgvv1eX0cmID-WUS9Maw6W9DL81E3vsZoLSord2IpxE/s1600-h/emisi1.jpg"><img style="margin: 0px auto 10px; display: block; text-align: center; cursor: pointer; width: 250px; height: 250px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhjckdPyLJiiDXCdYZjyTVGhyYL9as6j80OosozEVJFDWROvw2YszqVOU2-waYsMwGZR-e1-hVgu5n8VzwOr8Wxr6VbrGuuY6ldPgvv1eX0cmID-WUS9Maw6W9DL81E3vsZoLSord2IpxE/s320/emisi1.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5332376856835922898" border="0" /></a>Produck baru ini telah diuji coba di lapangan dengan hasil yang sangat memuaskan, bahkan di beberapa type konsumsi BBM unit baru ini lebih irit 20%, lebih responsif dan bertenaga dibanding dengan type sebelumnya<br />Produck Nissan Diesel Euro-2 mengusung mesin kompak 6, 925cc (FE6TA dan FE6TC) yang sudah teruji kemampuan dan daya tahannya, dilengkapi dengan Turbo Intercooler serta Full Electrical Governor dan Timing Injection Controlrate System (TICS) sehingga pengaturan bahan bakar sudah diatur oleh sistem kontrol elektronik (ECU) sekelas dengan engine Euro-3 yang mampu menghasilkan tenaga 215 PS dan 260 PS.<br /><br />Latar belakang pengembangan dan konsep Produck Nissan Diesel Euro-2 sangatlah memperhatikan akan kebutuhan konsumen, sehingga permasalahan ataupun pertanyaan konsumen tentang produck yang bagaimanakah yang menjadi pilihan yang tepat dari segi kepemilikan dan operasionalnya. Nissan Diesel Euro 2 mampu memberikan TOTAL VALUE terhadap sebuah bisnis transportasi yang meliputi:<br /><br />1. High Product Quality and Value ( Produck berkualitas dan bernilai tinggi )<br />Nilai truck tidak hanya dalam harga beli yang murah ( jangka pendek ), namun juga biaya operasional dan perbaikan yang rendah ( jangka panjang ). Desain Product Nissan Diesel mengacu pada keuntungan bisnis jangka panjang, yang diantaranya mencakup :<br />– Hemat Solar<br />– Kuat dan Awet<br />– Mudah perawatan dan perbaikan<br />– Minimum Down Time ( waktu service )<br />– Tersedia beebagai macam varian yang disesuaikan dengan kebutuhan<br /><br />2. Total Bussines Services ( Pelayanan bisnis yang menyeluruh )<br />Nissan Diesel menyediakan pelayanan bisnis yang menyeluruh, yaitu meliputi:<br />– Presales consultation : Feasibility Study dan Vehicle selection<br />– Financing Arrangement<br />– Driver Training<br />– Fleet Performance Consultation<br />Sehingga dengan demikian calon costumer mengetahui dan memahami tentang bisnis transportasi yang dia terjuni, antara lain :<br />– Tepat dalam pemilihan kendaraan<br />– Pendanaan sekaligus terlayani kebutuhan pendanaannya<br />– Manajemen operasional unit<br />– Manjemen driver<br /><br />3. Excelence After Sales Service ( Pelayanan purna jual yang prima )<br />Pelayanan After sales Nissan Diesel meliputi :<br />– Maintanance Contract<br />– Garansi bengkel<br />– On site Service ( unit mobil ResQ )<br />– Costumer workshop Management Advice<br />– Costumer Mechanic Training<br />– Reinforcement Driver Training<br />Bisnis transportasi sangat terkendala dengan down time yang menyita waktu, layanan purna jual menyeluruh dari Nissan Diesel bertujuan mengatasi problem tersebut, sehingga produktifitas kendaraan akan tetap optimal<br /><br />4. Part Availability in Reasonable Price ( Ketersediaan part dengan harga terjangkau )<br />Pelayanan <a href="http://citramandiriperkasa.co.cc/">Spare part Nissan Diesel</a> meliputi :<br />– Part dengan harga terjangkau, selain itu tersedia program khusus ( <a href="http://citramandiriperkasa.co.cc/">Part campaign</a>, Part Contract Service Package Parts )<br />– Part supply Waranty ( 48 h )<br />– VOR / Vehicle Off Road ( layanan suplai part khusus agar unit kembali berjalan )<br /><br /></div><span style="font-weight: bold;">Gambaran umum Produck Nissan Diesel Euro-2</span> <div style="text-align: justify;"><br /><span style="font-weight: bold;">ENGINE</span>Mesin Nissan Diesel Euro-2 memiliki karakteristik hemat solar, bertenaga besar, lebih responsive, daya tahan tinggi dan kompak. Keunggulan lain dari mesin ini adalah mudah perawatan, dan harga spare partnya terjangkau. Selain itu mesin Nissan Diesel Euro-2 dapat juga dengan mudah di upgrade untuk memenuhi satandard emisi gas buang Euro-3<br /><br /><span style="font-weight: bold;">TYPE : PK 215 4 X 2, PK 215 M 6 X 2</span><br />Engine : FE6TA<br /><a href="http://dieselsolution.blogspot.com/">Diesel Engine 4 cycle direct injection water cooled</a>, OHV 12 Valve, in-line turbocharge with intercooler.<br />Output : 215 PS/ 2.800 RPM<br />Torsi max : 60Kgm/ 1.800 RPM<br />GVW : 15.500 Kg, 24.500 Kg<br /><a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjUU0B9T3fMZg3nAsR1c6RLCo-Ewu4kIFGs6mx2FAI7VV3omsY77amri4JvzfJVHarV51bJKvplZYf1K6H_Kyy9kWXRvagt5Gv3RJj9z2FUflbhyphenhyphenf7GUKXRD8RWKV-jDCDMTwv3doppe3g/s1600-h/ND+fe6tc.jpg"><img style="margin: 0px auto 10px; display: block; text-align: center; cursor: pointer; width: 250px; height: 250px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjUU0B9T3fMZg3nAsR1c6RLCo-Ewu4kIFGs6mx2FAI7VV3omsY77amri4JvzfJVHarV51bJKvplZYf1K6H_Kyy9kWXRvagt5Gv3RJj9z2FUflbhyphenhyphenf7GUKXRD8RWKV-jDCDMTwv3doppe3g/s320/ND+fe6tc.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5332335669400924786" border="0" /></a><span style="font-weight: bold;">TYPE : PK 260 4 X 2, CDA 260 6 X 2, CWA 260 6 X 4</span><br />Engine : FE6TC<br />Diesel Engine 4 cycle direct injection with TICS and electrical Governor, water cooled, OHV 24 valve, in-line turbocharge with intercooler.<br />Output : 260 PS/2.800 RPM<br />Torsi max : 72.4/ 1.800 RPM<br />GVW : 26.000 Kg<br /><a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgnoJGYHVSyot1GR7Nv6qDMlWbEL4Aon579H1Kt7ft0N4Sxg3KEYSX-LP5xPc-8Ej4i7_QkYQQ8qvaUwplyzWEdJ23v4E-sWm22s-uKd5v1f12sRaDfuEyzZf-al8gxDzr07Sa4_ZIr8N4/s1600-h/fe6tc+with+tics.jpg"><img style="margin: 0px auto 10px; display: block; text-align: center; cursor: pointer; width: 250px; height: 200px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgnoJGYHVSyot1GR7Nv6qDMlWbEL4Aon579H1Kt7ft0N4Sxg3KEYSX-LP5xPc-8Ej4i7_QkYQQ8qvaUwplyzWEdJ23v4E-sWm22s-uKd5v1f12sRaDfuEyzZf-al8gxDzr07Sa4_ZIr8N4/s320/fe6tc+with+tics.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5332369164148807394" border="0" /></a><span style="font-weight: bold;">TYPE : CWM 330 6 X 4</span><br />Engine : MD92TB<br />Diesel Engine 4 cycle direct injection with common rail, water cooled , OHC 24 Valve, in-line turbocharge with intercooler.<br />Output : 330 PS/ 2.200RPM<br />Torsi max : 135Kgm/ 1.400RPM<br />GVW : 26.000 Kg (Dump / Cargo)<br />GCW : 45.000 Kg (Tractor Head)<br /><br />Merupakan mesin dengan tekhnologi terbaru yang didesain khusus untuk memenuhi kebutuhan di segment LOW ( 240 PS ) mesin FE6TC dengan system intake ( Pemasukan Udara ) dimana setiap slindernya menggunakan 4 valve sehingga menyebabkan suplai udara lebih banyak ke dalam ruang bakar dan Injection Nozle dengan center injection Nozle tipe Multi Hole yang menghasilkan pengkabutan solar yang sempurna untuk pembakaran dengan Sitem <a href="http://auto4stroke.blogspot.com/2009/04/fip-fuel-injection-pump.html">Pompa Injeksi</a> Baru yang telah menggunakan ECS ( Electric Control System ) dengan TICS ( Timing and Injection Control System) dan Electric Governor yang dikontrol oleh ECU ( Engine Control Unit ), Sehingga menghasilkan pembakaran lebih sempurna yang menghasilkan tenaga yang optimal dan irit bahan bakar. Sedangkan di segment Medium mesin MD92TB dengan system injeksi terbaru <a href="http://http//auto4stroke.blogspot.com/2009/04/fip-fuel-injection-pump.html">Common rail injection</a> mampu menghasilkan tekanan bahan bakar sampai 1.600 bar pada nozzle sehingga untuk mesin yang hanya 9000 cc mampu menghasilkan daya yang besar dengan pemakaian bahan bakar yang tetap irit dan yang pasti ramah lingkungan.<br /><br /><span style="font-weight: bold;">POWER TRAIN</span><br /><br />PerformaNissan Diesel Euro-2 ini didukung pula dengan pemilihan Transmisi dan Final Gear yang tepat, sehingga daya dari mesin dapat benar-benar dimanfaatkan dengan optimal, Bahkan untuk keperluan Off-road, Nissan Diesel Euro-2 menyediakan pilihan Transmisi Eaton Synchro FS 8209, selain itu juga dilengkapi dengan Final Gear yang bervariasi untuk mencapai daya tanjak ataupum kecepatan yang maksimum.<a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhX5y_-9qUKC9Knqo-WBsT9YxL4UWD9FuVMeeEeRfEuRYJeRitqmLqd3FOkVkHb_pe5xa3FWhfltC0RGZvAIAFT82zfOq90sjuh6G2EEC_bQZY_2akmC18tjXI9tTh79FXT-ZIr2JHtkYE/s1600-h/transmisi+EATON.jpg"><img style="margin: 0px auto 10px; display: block; text-align: center; cursor: pointer; width: 289px; height: 320px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhX5y_-9qUKC9Knqo-WBsT9YxL4UWD9FuVMeeEeRfEuRYJeRitqmLqd3FOkVkHb_pe5xa3FWhfltC0RGZvAIAFT82zfOq90sjuh6G2EEC_bQZY_2akmC18tjXI9tTh79FXT-ZIr2JHtkYE/s320/transmisi+EATON.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5332380500790261730" border="0" /></a>Selain itu juga Dimensi Propeler shaft lebih besar dan kuat dengan diameter *101, 6 mm ( *untuk type CWA 260 ), As roda terbesar dan terkuat dikelasnya sehingga mampu diaplikasikan di segala medan dengan beban maksimum<br /><br /><a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhvSs5B-CkGpZ0IIl_1LA1Rc4bMmhdghonKkvXe1b9DchdNTnhs-tzFBhyuJzrOFKNBg2jJ3ieccTjAYe9UCjhX7ytEbv3Bu3sUeVc6TMdo1y9If_iWJUoiUoXAdZ6iT4QLc9t2w3s3sZg/s1600-h/whellbase.jpg"><img style="margin: 0px auto 10px; display: block; text-align: center; cursor: pointer; width: 311px; height: 320px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhvSs5B-CkGpZ0IIl_1LA1Rc4bMmhdghonKkvXe1b9DchdNTnhs-tzFBhyuJzrOFKNBg2jJ3ieccTjAYe9UCjhX7ytEbv3Bu3sUeVc6TMdo1y9If_iWJUoiUoXAdZ6iT4QLc9t2w3s3sZg/s320/whellbase.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5333071606138227874" border="0" /></a>Kualitas Performa kendaraan tidak hanya di test secara perhitungan dan laboratorium Astra Nissan Diesel Indonesia juga melakukan road test ( operasional actual ), Product Nissan Diesel Euro 2 dengan kualitas Performa kendaraan yang tidak hanya superior pada test di Negara asalnya ( Jepang ) namun juga disesuaikan dengan kondisi operasional di Indonesia telah dapat dihasilkan, Kepemilikan ( Total Cost Of Ownership ) adalah hal utama yang diungkapkan para pelanggan Nissan Diesel bahwa harga awal beli turck yang murah tidak menjamin kelangsungan bisnis mereka dalam jangka panjang, biaya solar, suku cadang, dan perbaikan justru merupakan hal yang harus diperhatikan dalam beriventasi di dunia transportasi barang, Nissan Diesel mampu menjawab dengan keunggulan dalam hal Kepemilikan ( Total Cost Of Ownership ) Sehingga tidak ada keraguan lagi bagi Nissan Diesel Truck untuk ditawarkan ke pelanggan, pemilihan yang cerdas makin menambah untung pengusaha.</div>Lienshttp://www.blogger.com/profile/11833531779299138348noreply@blogger.com9tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2918126498989631197.post-87084359501371624682009-04-29T22:11:00.000-07:002012-12-27T16:22:00.775-08:00TSI “Twincharger” VW’s Engine<div style="text-align: justify;">
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VW’s goal for its new dual-charged (“Twincharger” in VW marketing-parlance) engine was to combine the low-end power boost provided by a mechanically-driven compressor (supercharging) with the higher-end increase provided by an exhaust turbocharger (turbocharging) to enable the downsizing of the engine for a given application while maintaining the driving experience for consumers.<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiGD14e8quQ6U7cruDnOyyUbKM5JuRE1Ixqz0sSTlptKwCdtNDY0qAlATqj4ZoWoVLL0pGFue0DAHKcMz9MfrsGIan4JAkHJ8EOdOftAhBwxj61n_fguIztgfX8783BHtU3IVaO8Tb-n0Y/s1600-h/VW's+TSI+engine.jpg" onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}"><img alt="" border="0" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5330464149564819570" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiGD14e8quQ6U7cruDnOyyUbKM5JuRE1Ixqz0sSTlptKwCdtNDY0qAlATqj4ZoWoVLL0pGFue0DAHKcMz9MfrsGIan4JAkHJ8EOdOftAhBwxj61n_fguIztgfX8783BHtU3IVaO8Tb-n0Y/s320/VW's+TSI+engine.jpg" style="cursor: pointer; display: block; height: 185px; margin: 0px auto 10px; text-align: center; width: 226px;" /></a><br />
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Put another way, downsizing delivers comparable (or better) performance with lowered fuel consumption and emissions.</div>
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The first instance of this new Twincharged TSI engine family is a 90-kW (121-hp) 1.4-liter model that delivers a torque corresponding to a 2.3-liter engine, but with 20% less fuel consumption. Compared to the 2.0-liter FSI engine in the Golf, the power and torque gains are clear, although the decrease in fuel consumption is more modest. (See chart below.)</div>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="3" class="MsoNormalTable" style="height: 278px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; text-align: left; width: 604px;"> <thead>
<tr> <td colspan="4" style="padding: 0.75pt;"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: 85%;"><b><span style="color: #330066; font-family: Arial;">FSI vs. TSI</span></b><b><span style="font-family: Arial;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></span></div>
</td> </tr>
<tr> <td style="padding: 0.75pt;"><div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 85%;"><b><span style="font-family: Arial;"><o:p> </o:p></span></b></span></div>
<span style="font-size: 85%;"><br /></span></td> <td style="padding: 0.75pt;"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: 85%;"><b><span style="color: #330066; font-family: Arial;">Golf GT 2.0 FSI</span></b><b><span style="font-family: Arial;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></span></div>
</td> <td style="padding: 0.75pt;"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: 85%;"><b><span style="color: #330066; font-family: Arial;">Golf GT 1.4 TSI</span></b><b><span style="font-family: Arial;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></span></div>
</td> <td style="padding: 0.75pt;"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: 85%;"><b><span style="color: #330066; font-family: Arial;">TSI %</span></b><b><span style="font-family: Arial;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></span></div>
</td> </tr>
</thead> <tbody>
<tr> <td style="padding: 0.75pt;"><div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 85%;">Displacement<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td> <td style="padding: 0.75pt;"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 85%;">1,984 cc<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td> <td style="padding: 0.75pt;"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 85%;">1,390 cc<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td> <td style="padding: 0.75pt;"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 85%;">-30%<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<tr> <td style="-moz-background-clip: -moz-initial; -moz-background-inline-policy: -moz-initial; -moz-background-origin: -moz-initial; background: rgb(225, 224, 241) none repeat scroll 0% 0%; color: black; padding: 0.75pt;"><div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 85%;">Cylinders<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td> <td style="-moz-background-clip: -moz-initial; -moz-background-inline-policy: -moz-initial; -moz-background-origin: -moz-initial; background: rgb(225, 224, 241) none repeat scroll 0% 0%; color: black; padding: 0.75pt;"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 85%;">4<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 85%;">4<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 85%;">–<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 85%;">Compression<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td> <td style="padding: 0.75pt;"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 85%;">11.5:1<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td> <td style="padding: 0.75pt;"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 85%;">10:1<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 85%;">–<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<tr> <td style="-moz-background-clip: -moz-initial; -moz-background-inline-policy: -moz-initial; -moz-background-origin: -moz-initial; background: rgb(225, 224, 241) none repeat scroll 0% 0%; color: black; padding: 0.75pt;"><div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 85%;">Boost Pressure<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td> <td style="-moz-background-clip: -moz-initial; -moz-background-inline-policy: -moz-initial; -moz-background-origin: -moz-initial; background: rgb(225, 224, 241) none repeat scroll 0% 0%; color: black; padding: 0.75pt;"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 85%;">–<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td> <td style="-moz-background-clip: -moz-initial; -moz-background-inline-policy: -moz-initial; -moz-background-origin: -moz-initial; background: rgb(225, 224, 241) none repeat scroll 0% 0%; color: black; padding: 0.75pt;"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 85%;">2.5 bar<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td> <td style="-moz-background-clip: -moz-initial; -moz-background-inline-policy: -moz-initial; -moz-background-origin: -moz-initial; background: rgb(225, 224, 241) none repeat scroll 0% 0%; color: black; padding: 0.75pt;"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 85%;">–<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<tr> <td style="padding: 0.75pt;"><div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 85%;">Power<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td> <td style="padding: 0.75pt;"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 85%;">110 kW (148 hp)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td> <td style="padding: 0.75pt;"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 85%;">125 kW (168 hp)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td> <td style="padding: 0.75pt;"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 85%;">+14%<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<tr> <td style="-moz-background-clip: -moz-initial; -moz-background-inline-policy: -moz-initial; -moz-background-origin: -moz-initial; background: rgb(225, 224, 241) none repeat scroll 0% 0%; color: black; padding: 0.75pt;"><div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 85%;">Torque<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td> <td style="-moz-background-clip: -moz-initial; -moz-background-inline-policy: -moz-initial; -moz-background-origin: -moz-initial; background: rgb(225, 224, 241) none repeat scroll 0% 0%; color: black; padding: 0.75pt;"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 85%;">200 Nm<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td> <td style="-moz-background-clip: -moz-initial; -moz-background-inline-policy: -moz-initial; -moz-background-origin: -moz-initial; background: rgb(225, 224, 241) none repeat scroll 0% 0%; color: black; padding: 0.75pt;"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 85%;">240 Nm<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td> <td style="-moz-background-clip: -moz-initial; -moz-background-inline-policy: -moz-initial; -moz-background-origin: -moz-initial; background: rgb(225, 224, 241) none repeat scroll 0% 0%; color: black; padding: 0.75pt;"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 85%;">+20%</span></div>
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<tr> <td style="padding: 0.75pt;"><div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 85%;">0–100 km/h<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td> <td style="padding: 0.75pt;"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 85%;">8.8 s<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td> <td style="padding: 0.75pt;"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 85%;">7.9 s<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td> <td style="padding: 0.75pt;"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 85%;">-10%<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<tr> <td style="-moz-background-clip: -moz-initial; -moz-background-inline-policy: -moz-initial; -moz-background-origin: -moz-initial; background: rgb(225, 224, 241) none repeat scroll 0% 0%; color: black; padding: 0.75pt;"><div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 85%;">Maximum speed<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td> <td style="-moz-background-clip: -moz-initial; -moz-background-inline-policy: -moz-initial; -moz-background-origin: -moz-initial; background: rgb(225, 224, 241) none repeat scroll 0% 0%; color: black; padding: 0.75pt;"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 85%;">209 km/h (130 mph)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 85%;">220 km/h (136 mph)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 85%;">+5%</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 85%;">Fuel consumption<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 85%;">7.6 l/100km<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 85%;">7.2 l/100km<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 85%;">-5%<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 85%;">Fuel economy<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 85%;">31 mpg <st1:country-region st="on"><st1:place st="on">US</st1:place></st1:country-region><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 85%;">32.7 mpg <st1:country-region st="on"><st1:place st="on">US</st1:place></st1:country-region><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 85%;">+5%<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 85%;">CO<sub>2</sub><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 85%;">182 g/km<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 85%;">173 g/km<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 85%;">-5%</span></div>
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</tbody></table>
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Super-and turbo-charging systems are designed to force more air into the cylinder, thereby enabling more combustion and delivering more power—but also consuming more fuel than a comparable naturally-aspirated engine. However, the increase in fuel consumption of a charged engine is more than offset by the overall decrease in fuel consumption resulting from using a smaller engine.</div>
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For example, the 1.4-liter TSI is 39% smaller than the 2.3-liter FSI, but consumes 20% less fuel. As long as a downsized TSI is used to replace a larger FSI, there is a net gain in efficiency.</div>
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As a starting point for developing the Twincharged family, VW selected the direct-injection FSI from its EA 111 engine series as used in the Golf.</div>
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The basic FSI 1.4-liter engine (1,390 cc) is a 66-kW (88-hp), four-valve, four-cylinder engine. Note that the Twincharger 1.4-liter TSI offers 36% more power than its FSI cousin of the same displacement: 90 kW vs 66 kW.</div>
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<br /></div><script type="text/javascript">
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To support the twincharging concept, VW engineers had to deliver a new, highly-resilient gray cast-iron cylinder crankcase to withstand the higher pressures, a coolant pump with an integrated magnetic clutch and supercharging technology.</div>
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VW also modified the injection system, introducing its first multiple-hole, high-pressure injection valve with six fuel outlet elements.</div>
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The injector, like that in the naturally-aspirated (non-charged) FSI engines, is arranged on the intake side between the intake port and cylinder head seal level. </div>
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To support the wider variability in the quantity of fuel needed across the range of operation (from idling speed to the 90-kW peak power output) to optimize the twincharging, VW increased the maximum injection pressure to 150 bar. <a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhVQUJVEkvArafDbg-jaPVrKGAFO6SjC4lVuc-knVJ70nApHn-ckTeYtu5Ss5d9SjN3UpnwEM0_nrrP9pnOsRrwKwr-iNmeepsZoa4r18T8Zt-fmwkYN-5OEx2yb5nYLEg1USuUZbkP1-g/s1600-h/tsi_airflow.png" onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}"><img alt="" border="0" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5330458086613677682" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhVQUJVEkvArafDbg-jaPVrKGAFO6SjC4lVuc-knVJ70nApHn-ckTeYtu5Ss5d9SjN3UpnwEM0_nrrP9pnOsRrwKwr-iNmeepsZoa4r18T8Zt-fmwkYN-5OEx2yb5nYLEg1USuUZbkP1-g/s320/tsi_airflow.png" style="cursor: pointer; display: block; height: 204px; margin: 0px auto 10px; text-align: center; width: 225px;" /></a></div>
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For the compressor, Volkswagen engineers chose a Roots-type supercharger (also known as a “blower”). Unlike some other types of supercharger, a Roots supercharger doesn’t actually compress air within the device. With two counter-rotating lobes, it moves a fixed volume of air per rotation (“fixed displacement”). Compression occurs in the intake manifold.</div>
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Roots superchargers can deliver a large amount of boost even at low engine speed. The main disadvantage is that they create a lot of heat.</div>
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The compressor and the turbocharger are connected in series. A control valve ensures that the fresh air required for a given operating state can get through either to the exhaust turbocharger or the compressor.</div>
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The control valve is open when the exhaust turbocharger is operating alone. In this case, the air follows the normal path as in conventional turbo engines, via the front charge-air cooler and the throttle valve into the induction manifold.</div>
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The compressor is operated by a magnetic clutch integrated in a module inside the water pump. Under turbocharging conditions, the clutch disengages the compressor.</div>
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The maximum boost pressure of the Twincharger is approximately 2.5 bar at 1,500 rpm, with the exhaust turbocharger and the mechanical supercharger being operated with about the same pressure ratio (approx. 1.53). The compressor alone delivers a boost pressure of 1.8 bar even just above idling speed.</div>
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A conventional exhaust turbocharged engine without compressor assistance would achieve only a pressure ratio of about 1.3 bar. </div>
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The more rapid response of the turbocharger enables the compressor to be depressurized earlier by continuous opening of the bypass valve. Compressor operation is restricted to a narrow engine map area with predominantly low pressure ratios and, therefore, low power consumption.</div>
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In practice, this means the compressor is only required for generating the required boost pressure in the engine speed range up to 2,400 rpm. The exhaust turbocharger is designed for optimum efficiency in the upper power range and provides adequate boost pressure even in the medium speed range.</div>
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For acceleration, an automatic boost pressure control decides if the compressor needs to be switched on to deliver the tractive power required, or if the turbocharger alone can handle the situation. </div>
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The compressor is switched on again if the speed drops to the lower range and then power is demanded again. The turbocharger alone delivers adequate boost pressure above 3,500 rpm.</div>
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Source: Source: Volkswagen AG</div>
Lienshttp://www.blogger.com/profile/11833531779299138348noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2918126498989631197.post-18398146985728578292009-04-28T23:05:00.000-07:002012-09-24T22:48:48.340-07:00FIP - FUEL INJECTION PUMPPada <a href="http://diesel4ever.16mb.com/" target="_blank">mesin diesel</a>, bahan bakar bertekanan tinggi (2.500 – 28.000 psi) di injeksikan langsung ke ruang bakar (Direct Injection) ataupun ke pre combustion chamber (Indirect Injection). Untuk menghasilkan tekanan yang tinggi tersebut diperlukan sebuah pompa bahan bakar. Sejak ditemukan oleh Robert Bosch, teknologi <a href="http://diesel4ever.16mb.com/" target="_blank">Fuel injection</a> terus dikembangkan untuk mendapatkan hasil yang maksimal. Tujuannya adalah mendapatkan tekanan setinggi mungkin untuk menghasilkan proses atomisasi bahan bakar yang sempurna di dalam ruang bakar.<br />
<span style="font-weight: bold;">Type-type Fuel Injection Pump</span><br />
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjq0df5NMdQqvSAwO6xU7Kp4MGopmRBrbltTZIs0tzP7xb3ahSNT3PAgrDSZILJYgrwavMRUgohrs9HqjqSCeV3fyK4GQLFWcajfJCjy8Ig1EIHqa5UI1WIQ1Sq4KCeSxpbWT_sq-zAXyQ/s1600-h/bosch+inline.jpg" onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}"><img alt="" border="0" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5330076847289537458" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjq0df5NMdQqvSAwO6xU7Kp4MGopmRBrbltTZIs0tzP7xb3ahSNT3PAgrDSZILJYgrwavMRUgohrs9HqjqSCeV3fyK4GQLFWcajfJCjy8Ig1EIHqa5UI1WIQ1Sq4KCeSxpbWT_sq-zAXyQ/s320/bosch+inline.jpg" style="cursor: pointer; display: block; height: 150px; margin: 0px auto 10px; text-align: center; width: 200px;" /></a><b>Inline Pump (PE-Pump)</b>. Jumlah plunger pump sesuai dengan jumlah silinder mesin dan disusun secara inline. Pompa digerakan oleh putaran mesin melalui drive gear maupun drive belt. Governor mengatur jumlah injeksi bahan bakar sedangkan Timer yang mengatur waktu injeksi. Pada awalnya digunakan Governor dan Timer type mekanis yang bekerja menggunakan Fly weight sesuai putaran dan beban mesin. Kemudian dikembangkan Governor dan Timer type Electric yang bekerja berdasarkan putaran, temperature & beban mesin yang diatur oleh ECU (Electronic Control Unit) yang mengumpulkan dan mengolah data-data analog dari sensor. Injection Pump type Inline digunakan pada mesin diesel kapasitas sedang sampai berat 5000cc-15.000cc dengan kecepatan mesin sedang (sampai 3000 <i>rpm</i>). Dengan menggunakan 1 plunger untuk 1 cylinder, tekanan bahan bakar yang dihasilkan cukup besar (up to 1300 bar) untuk mendapatkan pengabutan oleh Nozle.<br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhdCwdQMll9lv0PKWVHKq_l_PnluEc1S16Q7tY_IcFVhcIrP4TuGIRWloVwCukI1XO_NIneE8oGC7Bj-31jH3QeknK8d6aXPVsVqanDtAF0trWUs-PGltwendsmlLqgWU-3ORV5D_Pc-oo/s1600-h/rotary.jpg" onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}"><img alt="" border="0" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5330079972463821074" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhdCwdQMll9lv0PKWVHKq_l_PnluEc1S16Q7tY_IcFVhcIrP4TuGIRWloVwCukI1XO_NIneE8oGC7Bj-31jH3QeknK8d6aXPVsVqanDtAF0trWUs-PGltwendsmlLqgWU-3ORV5D_Pc-oo/s320/rotary.jpg" style="cursor: pointer; display: block; height: 103px; margin: 0px auto 10px; text-align: center; width: 137px;" /></a>2. <b>Distributor/Rotary Pump (VE-Pump).</b> Type ini dirancang untuk <a href="http://dieselsolution.blogspot.com/" target="_blank">mesin diesel</a> putaran tinggi. Jumlah plunger hanya 1 untuk 4-6 cylinder mesin, karena itu jumlah bahan bakar yang diinjeksikan kurang bagus dibanding dengan Type Inline. Type Governor adalah mekanis yang masih menggunakan fly weight sedangkan Timer menggunakan type hydraulic yang digerakkan oleh tekanan bahan bakar dari Feed pump. Pompa ini juga digerakkan oleh putaran mesin melalui drive gear ataupun drive belt. Pompa type Distributor banyak dipakai untuk mesin diesel kapasitas kecil sampai sedang dengan tekanan injeksi 1400 untuk type axial dan 1800 bar untuk type radial.</div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhBTTnzb1bquNbZyEwCkxF2AQ9KiTP_vAvV6f_J5m1vYTr1GGatzvNOfu0um-u5wiV3b4MFHfG-VXFATOfVIy_5HhUPYBE5v6qaG6robej8Qz4xflmqyj3wySNqNGfr2OxXKRGA_YZCQ2s/s1600-h/injector.jpeg" onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}"><img alt="" border="0" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5330077889781934946" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhBTTnzb1bquNbZyEwCkxF2AQ9KiTP_vAvV6f_J5m1vYTr1GGatzvNOfu0um-u5wiV3b4MFHfG-VXFATOfVIy_5HhUPYBE5v6qaG6robej8Qz4xflmqyj3wySNqNGfr2OxXKRGA_YZCQ2s/s320/injector.jpeg" style="cursor: pointer; display: block; height: 111px; margin: 0px auto 10px; text-align: center; width: 113px;" /></a>3.<b> </b><b>Injector Unit Pump</b>. Type ini jarang kita dapati pada <a href="http://adityamotor.blogspot.com/" target="_blank">mesin automobile</a>. Banyak digunakan pada alat berat dan marine diesel yang berkapasitas besar dengan jumlah cylinder yang banyak ( sampai 16 cyl). Menggunakan Feed Pump untuk memompa bahan bakar bertekanan rendah yang langsung disuplie ke Injector. Sedangkan injector sendiri bertugas menghasilkan tekanan tinggi, mengatur banyak sedikitnya injeksi sampai mengabutkan bahan bakar ke ruang bakar.Dengan kata lain Injector merupakan gabungan dari Injection pump dan Nozzle yang lagsung ditempatkan di Cylinder Head. Tidak diperlukan Nozzle lagi, karena injector sekaligus berfungsi sebagai Nozzle. Injector digerakan oleh <st1:place st="on">Cam</st1:place>. Perkembangan teknologi juga telah menghasilkan Electronic Injector Unit yang pengaturan injeksinya diatur oleh ECU.</div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgnguxSCy2vF44tmmpnODhHUYPgg-v_ZV9wFh8pyJCdejUD7jF8cwwqUNKEdlTOhF_WJuDw2ZeruiyAsvrD3WrSZm1qwzbGYZGEdqs-vmEtOTWo8_5F5E15KuYk7fq_-x-R2_Kn025g2Jw/s1600-h/bosch+rail.jpg" onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}"><img alt="" border="0" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5330079317402026066" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgnguxSCy2vF44tmmpnODhHUYPgg-v_ZV9wFh8pyJCdejUD7jF8cwwqUNKEdlTOhF_WJuDw2ZeruiyAsvrD3WrSZm1qwzbGYZGEdqs-vmEtOTWo8_5F5E15KuYk7fq_-x-R2_Kn025g2Jw/s320/bosch+rail.jpg" style="cursor: pointer; display: block; height: 150px; margin: 0px auto 10px; text-align: center; width: 200px;" /></a>4. <b>Common Rail</b>. Seperti namanya, type ini menggunakan pipa Rel (Rail) pembagi bahan bakar. Satu pompa yang bertekanan tinggi terus menerus mensuplie bahan bakar bertekanan tinggi ke pipa pembagi (Rail). Dari pipa pembagi bahan bakar dibagi ke Nozzle masing masing cylinder. Jenis Nozzle Elektrik sekaligus berfungsi mengatur waktu dan jumlah injeksi bahan bakar dengan tekanan 1300-1800 bar. Jumlah bahan bakar yang diinjeksikan di atur berdasarkan lamanya nozzle membuka. ECU mengatur kerja Nozzle berdasarkan data analog yang diterima sensor-sensor pada mesin. Keunggulan Common rail Fuel injection adalah tekanan yang dihasilkan tinggi dan konstan pada setiap putaran mesin, sehingga didapatkan atomisasi bahan bakar yang lebih baik yang menghasilkan pembakaran yang lebih sempurna dibandingkan type sebelumnya. Type common rail juga dapat diaplikasikan ke berbagai kapasitas mesin diesel, dari kecil sampai besar. <st1:place st="on">Para</st1:place> enginer terus mengembangkan Type common rail untuk menghasilkan tekanan yang lebih tinggi, hebatnya lagi type injeksi common rail sudah mulai diaplikasikan untuk <a href="http://adityamotor.blogspot.com/" target="_blank">mesin bensin</a> direct injection<a href="http://auto4stroke.blogspot.com/2009/04/gdi-tech-gasoline-direct-injection.html">(Gasoline Direct Injection)</a>.</div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjcAJjnUMlZ99SZjg8uT-iaPO04AAiek1Zu1yFqFOAkGlslhM3d7pI11qMmde1XdjfgDVUnvBgavBqX4L9sLMVEkOESeM-ZPqLNdtDJX32rgHlgoikkJ4OMlnsF2aCBAR3Md_RNmVfixhI/s1600-h/independent+FIP.jpg" onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}"><img alt="" border="0" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5330082554669435570" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjcAJjnUMlZ99SZjg8uT-iaPO04AAiek1Zu1yFqFOAkGlslhM3d7pI11qMmde1XdjfgDVUnvBgavBqX4L9sLMVEkOESeM-ZPqLNdtDJX32rgHlgoikkJ4OMlnsF2aCBAR3Md_RNmVfixhI/s320/independent+FIP.jpg" style="cursor: pointer; display: block; height: 150px; margin: 0px auto 10px; text-align: center; width: 200px;" /></a>5. <b>Independent Injection Pump / Unit Pump system</b>. Type independent hampir sama dengan type Injector unit. Hanya saja Nozzle dan pompanya terpisah. 1 pompa tekanan tinggi melayani satu Nozzle, sehingga tekanan yang dihasilkan bisa dikatakan maksimal. Pompa tekanan tinggi berupa plunger yang digerakan oleh cam. Type ini bisa diaplikasikan untuk Diesel kapasitas menengah sampai besar dari 4 cylinder sampai 18 cylinder. Tekanan yang dihasilkan lebih dari 2200 bar. Nozzle juga sudah menggunakan type Electric dimana waktu penginjeksian dan jumlahnya diatur oleh ECU.<br />
<br />
Tujuan dari pengembangan Fuel injection adalah mendapatkan tekanan tinggi sehingga proses atomisasi bahan bakar sempurna oleh nozzle, sehingga bahan bakar dapat terbakar habis meskipun temperature kerja mesin masih rendah. Dengan berkembangnya teknologi Injeksi perbandingan kompresi <a href="http://diesel4ever.16mb.com/" target="_blank">Mesin diesel</a> dapat diturunkan sehingga material cost yang selama ini tinggi dapat diturunkan. Yang paling utama adalah mengurangi emisi mesin <a href="http://dieselsolution.blogspot.com/" target="_blank">diesel</a> dan meningkatkan performa mesin diesel.</div>
Lienshttp://www.blogger.com/profile/11833531779299138348noreply@blogger.com2tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2918126498989631197.post-31560791354992132722009-04-26T19:45:00.000-07:002009-04-26T20:01:01.698-07:00GDI-TECH, Gasoline Direct Injection<o:smarttagtype namespaceuri="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:smarttags" name="City"></o:smarttagtype><o:smarttagtype namespaceuri="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:smarttags" name="place"></o:smarttagtype><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml> <w:worddocument> <w:view>Normal</w:View> <w:zoom>0</w:Zoom> <w:punctuationkerning/> <w:validateagainstschemas/> <w:saveifxmlinvalid>false</w:SaveIfXMLInvalid> <w:ignoremixedcontent>false</w:IgnoreMixedContent> <w:alwaysshowplaceholdertext>false</w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText> <w:compatibility> <w:breakwrappedtables/> <w:snaptogridincell/> <w:wraptextwithpunct/> <w:useasianbreakrules/> <w:dontgrowautofit/> </w:Compatibility> <w:browserlevel>MicrosoftInternetExplorer4</w:BrowserLevel> </w:WordDocument> </xml><![endif]--><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml> <w:latentstyles deflockedstate="false" latentstylecount="156"> </w:LatentStyles> </xml><![endif]--><!--[if !mso]><object classid="clsid:38481807-CA0E-42D2-BF39-B33AF135CC4D" id="ieooui"></object> <style> st1\:*{behavior:url(#ieooui) } </style> <![endif]--><style> <!-- /* Style Definitions */ p.MsoNormal, li.MsoNormal, div.MsoNormal {mso-style-parent:""; margin:0in; margin-bottom:.0001pt; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:12.0pt; font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";} p {mso-margin-top-alt:auto; margin-right:0in; mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto; margin-left:0in; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:12.0pt; font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";} @page Section1 {size:8.5in 11.0in; margin:1.0in 1.25in 1.0in 1.25in; mso-header-margin:.5in; mso-footer-margin:.5in; mso-paper-source:0;} div.Section1 {page:Section1;} --> </style><!--[if gte mso 10]> <style> /* Style Definitions */ table.MsoNormalTable {mso-style-name:"Table Normal"; mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0; mso-tstyle-colband-size:0; mso-style-noshow:yes; mso-style-parent:""; mso-padding-alt:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; mso-para-margin:0in; mso-para-margin-bottom:.0001pt; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:10.0pt; font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-ansi-language:#0400; mso-fareast-language:#0400; mso-bidi-language:#0400;} </style> <![endif]--> <p>With gas prices rising to ever higher catastrophic heights, automobile manufactures are continuing to search for fuel consumption answers. In recent years we have seen a growing trend in hydrogen, electric, diesel and hybrid fuel alternative vehicles; out of these alternatives only one seems to be gaining ground, hybrids. Hydrogen cars are a ways off because of storage and infrastructure problems. Electric cars... well, electric cars are not to be considered cars as far as I am concerned. Diesel engines are currently a rapidly growing alternative, especially in <st1:place st="on">Europe</st1:place>, but these engines also come with an increasing concern about potentially harmful pollutants they emit. This leaves us with hybrids. And while hybrids seem to be leading the pack in the fuel alternative category, they are lackluster in one area true car enthusiasts care about most, performance. <o:p></o:p></p> <p>So are true car enthusiasts doomed to awe, uninspiring performance? Can there possibly be a middle ground. I want power, I want good gas mileage, I want it all, don't you? Of course you do, and from the looks of it we might just get it. With newly, reinvented technology, direct injection engines are making their way back into the mainstream automakers repertoire. <a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi8shFTqUZK37704KQW2apsHHOOOr64Cartklu3n5lclhFMuPjQke9Bs6wgctoxisNaWfZ0KXFK5pBySzShGf9rHq7bKof6FPBNfGc8LAMJrhIH-ew_S_hXml7P08s-VnjzzayoIsmyodg/s1600-h/gdi-engine.jpg"><img style="margin: 0px auto 10px; display: block; text-align: center; cursor: pointer; width: 267px; height: 320px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi8shFTqUZK37704KQW2apsHHOOOr64Cartklu3n5lclhFMuPjQke9Bs6wgctoxisNaWfZ0KXFK5pBySzShGf9rHq7bKof6FPBNfGc8LAMJrhIH-ew_S_hXml7P08s-VnjzzayoIsmyodg/s320/gdi-engine.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5329199528359608898" border="0" /></a><o:p></o:p></p> <p>With the re-introduction of the GDI (Gasoline Direct Injection) engine car owners can expect to see an increase in power, better gas efficiency and better emissions then ever before. How? You might ask. The answer is much simpler than you might think. A GDI engine achieves all these things by simply having better control over its fuel delivery then a multi port injection system. In a multi port injection system fuel is delivered through the intake runners and mixes with air as it enters the cylinder during the intake stroke. A direct injection engine delivers fuel directly into the cylinder, after the air has entered, on the compression stroke. This allows spark plug to be surrounded by a small, precisely shaped volume of ignitable air-fuel mixture, directly around the spark plug, at the top of the cylinder. Other areas inside the combustion chamber merely contain air or re-circulated exhaust gas creating what is called a stratified charge. This type of charge allows the engine to burn mixtures much leaner then the conventional stoichiometric 14.7:1 air fuel ratio, up to 60 parts of air for every part of fuel (60:1), which in turn allows for a drastically cleaner burn and fewer emissions. <o:p></o:p></p> <p>Although the answer is simple developing the technology isn't. There are many design challenges in a direct injection system. Most which involve operating within harsh environments. <st1:city st="on"><st1:place st="on">Toyota</st1:place></st1:city> has managed to overcome these obstacles by implementing a multi port injection system when low engine speeds are combined with high load. Under these conditions, direct injection cannot properly atomize the fuel, and so approximately 60% of the fuel is provided by the port injector. As engine speed increases and load decreases, the direct injection system takes over more of the fueling responsibility, until eventually it provides 100% of the engines fuel.<o:p></o:p></p> <p>Another design challenge was fuel delivery. Since the fuel on a GDI is injected right before ignition, there is very little time to generate a proper and accurate fuel spray. This was overcome with the development of faster microprocessors and high pressure fuel pumps which super-pressurize your fuel system.<o:p></o:p></p> <p>Working out the kinks, swallowing the up front costs and delving in the idea of a new age GDI engine certainly should pay off when you look at all the benefits gained from such an efficient engine system. Imagine a car that everyone can be happy with. An engine that produces fewer emissions and is better for the environment and at the same time out performs your standard multi-port injection engine. <o:p></o:p></p>Lienshttp://www.blogger.com/profile/11833531779299138348noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2918126498989631197.post-40027286037615602082009-04-26T08:19:00.003-07:002009-04-26T19:22:28.440-07:00EFISIENSI ENERGI BAHAN BAKAR KENDARAAN ANDA<!--[if gte mso 9]><xml> <w:worddocument> <w:view>Normal</w:View> <w:zoom>0</w:Zoom> <w:punctuationkerning/> <w:validateagainstschemas/> <w:saveifxmlinvalid>false</w:SaveIfXMLInvalid> <w:ignoremixedcontent>false</w:IgnoreMixedContent> <w:alwaysshowplaceholdertext>false</w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText> <w:compatibility> <w:breakwrappedtables/> <w:snaptogridincell/> <w:wraptextwithpunct/> <w:useasianbreakrules/> <w:dontgrowautofit/> </w:Compatibility> <w:browserlevel>MicrosoftInternetExplorer4</w:BrowserLevel> </w:WordDocument> </xml><![endif]--><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml> <w:latentstyles deflockedstate="false" latentstylecount="156"> </w:LatentStyles> </xml><![endif]--><style> <!-- /* Style Definitions */ p.MsoNormal, li.MsoNormal, div.MsoNormal {mso-style-parent:""; margin:0in; margin-bottom:.0001pt; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:12.0pt; font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";} a:link, span.MsoHyperlink {color:blue; text-decoration:underline; text-underline:single;} a:visited, span.MsoHyperlinkFollowed {color:purple; text-decoration:underline; text-underline:single;} p {mso-margin-top-alt:auto; margin-right:0in; mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto; margin-left:0in; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:12.0pt; font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";} @page Section1 {size:8.5in 11.0in; margin:1.0in 1.25in 1.0in 1.25in; mso-header-margin:.5in; mso-footer-margin:.5in; mso-paper-source:0;} div.Section1 {page:Section1;} --> </style><!--[if gte mso 10]> <style> /* Style Definitions */ table.MsoNormalTable {mso-style-name:"Table Normal"; mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0; mso-tstyle-colband-size:0; mso-style-noshow:yes; mso-style-parent:""; mso-padding-alt:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; mso-para-margin:0in; mso-para-margin-bottom:.0001pt; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:10.0pt; font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-ansi-language:#0400; mso-fareast-language:#0400; mso-bidi-language:#0400;} </style> <![endif]--> <p>Hanya sekitar 15 persen dari energi bahan bakar yang dimasukkan ke dalam tangki anda,<span style=""> </span>digunakan untuk memindahkan mobil ke jalan atau menjalankan<span style=""> </span>aksesori, seperti AC. Sisa energi terbuang ke mesin (gesekan dan panas), ketidak efisiensian pengemudi dan mesin idle. Oleh karena itu, potensi untuk meningkatkan efisiensi bahan bakar dengan teknologi maju masih besar.</p> <p><a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEixR7YIFiRDTrL2NsSWUYkLQ6iW81wGkYJ1nUB020j7hvcM4rmoXG8DmqEmGKWz_F50pnsK4grspVZmNqX5AEf7rc8mZt9TUGfZs6aV-lpEgtOS3uMxVCtkmxDURJNn39nHmm60RBPjPd0/s1600-h/energy_losses_in_car.gif"><img style="margin: 0px auto 10px; display: block; text-align: center; cursor: pointer; width: 320px; height: 184px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEixR7YIFiRDTrL2NsSWUYkLQ6iW81wGkYJ1nUB020j7hvcM4rmoXG8DmqEmGKWz_F50pnsK4grspVZmNqX5AEf7rc8mZt9TUGfZs6aV-lpEgtOS3uMxVCtkmxDURJNn39nHmm60RBPjPd0/s320/energy_losses_in_car.gif" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5329023548348659442" border="0" /></a><br /><strong>Engine Losses - 62.4 percent</strong></p> <p>Pada kendaraan bermesin bensin, lebih dari 62 persen energi dari bahan bakar akan hilang dalam mesin pembakaran internal (ICE). ICE mesin sangat tidak efisien mengkonversi bahan bakar dari energi kimia ke energi mekanik, kehilangan energi untuk gesekan, memompa udara ke dalam dan keluar dari mesin, dan panas yang terbuang percuma.</p> <p>Mesin dengan teknologi canggih seperti variabel valve timing dan lift, turbocharging, injeksi langsung bahan bakar, dan penonaktifan silinder dapat digunakan untuk mengurangi kerugian ini.</p> <p>Selain itu, mesin diesel 30-35 persen lebih efisien daripada mesin bensin, dan kemajuan teknologi dan bahan bakar diesel yang membuat kendaraan ini lebih menarik. <!--[if !supportLineBreakNewLine]--> <!--[endif]--></p> <p><b style="">Kerugian Idle- 17,2 persen<o:p></o:p></b></p> <p>Mengemudi di daerah perkotaan, energi yang signifikan terbuang pada saat idle saat berhenti di dalam atau lampu lalu lintas. Teknologi seperti starter terpadu / generator sistem ini membantu mengurangi kerugian dengan mematikan mesin secara otomatis pada saat kendaraan berhenti dan restart instant saat pedal gas diinjak. <!--[if !supportLineBreakNewLine]--> <!--[endif]--></p> <p><b style="">Aksesoris - 2,2 persen<o:p></o:p></b></p> <p>Air conditioning, power steering, kaca wipers, dan aksesori lainnya menggunakan energi yang dihasilkan dari mesin. Perbaikan ekonomis bahan bakar hingga 1 persen dapat tercapai dengan Alternator yang lebih efisien dan sistem pompa power steering. <!--[if !supportLineBreakNewLine]--> <!--[endif]--></p> <p><b style="">Kerugian Driveline - 5,6 persen<o:p></o:p></b></p> <p>Energi yang hilang dalam transmisi dan bagian lain driveline. Teknologi, seperti otomatis manual transmisi dan kontinyu variabel transmisi, sedang dikembangkan untuk mengurangi kerugian ini. </p> <p><br /><b style="">Aerodynamic - 2,6 persen<o:p></o:p></b></p> <p>Kendaraan harus mengeluarkan energi untuk memindahkan udara dari jalan karena akan menurunkan roadless energi di kecepatan rendah dan lebih progresif saat kecepatan meningkat. Drag secara langsung berkaitan dengan bentuk kendaraan. Bentuk halus kendaraan sudah mengurangi Drag signifikan, namun penurunan lebih dari 20-30 persen masih mungkin. <!--[if !supportLineBreakNewLine]--> <!--[endif]--></p> <p><b style="">Rolling Resistance - 4,2 persen<o:p></o:p></b></p> <p>Rolling resistance adalah ukuran kekuatan yang diperlukan untuk memindahkan ban depan dan secara langsung proporsional dengan berat beban yang didukung oleh ban. Berbagai teknologi baru dapat digunakan untuk mengurangi rolling resistance, termasuk memperbaiki tapak ban<span style=""> </span>dan desain bahu dan bahan-bahan yang digunakan dalam ban sabuk dan daya tarik permukaan.</p> <p>Untuk mobil penumpang, 5-7 persen pengurangan rolling resistance meningkatkan efisiensi bahan bakar 1 persen. Namun, perbaikan ini harus seimbang terhadap daya tarik, durabillity, dan kebisingan. <!--[if !supportLineBreakNewLine]--> <!--[endif]--></p> <p><b style="">Mengatasi inertia; Kerugian Pengereman- 5.8 persen<o:p></o:p></b></p> <p>Untuk maju, drivetrain harus menyediakan cukup energi untuk mengatasi kelemahan dari kendaraan, yang langsung berhubungan dengan berat. Semakin ringan kendaraan , sedikit energi yang diperlukan untuk memindahkannya. Berat dapat dikurangi dengan menggunakan bahan ringan dan berat ringan-teknologi (misalnya, transmisi manual otomatis timbang kurang dari konvensional automatics). </p> <p><br />Selain itu, setiap kali Anda menggunakan rem, energi pada awalnya digunakan untuk mengatasi kelemahan terputus.</p> <span style=";font-family:";font-size:78%;" >Source: <a href="http://www.fueleconomy.gov/feg/atv.shtml">www.fueleconomy.gov/feg/atv.shtml</a></span>Lienshttp://www.blogger.com/profile/11833531779299138348noreply@blogger.com0